nerve roots 1/1 Flashcards
C1
dermatome: vertex of skull
myotome: (cervical rotation)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: n/a
C2
dermatome: forehead, temple, occiput
myotome: longus colli, SCM, rectus capitis (shoulder elevation)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: n/a
C3
dermatome: neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, under mandible
myotome: trap, splenius capitis (shoulder elevation)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: cheek, side of neck
C4
dermatome: shoulder area, clavicular area, upper scapula area, AC joint
myotome: trapezius, levator scapulae (shoulder elevation)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: horizontal band along clavicle and upper scapula
C5
dermatome: deltoid area, anterior entire arm to base of thumb
myotome: biceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid (shoulder abduction, elbow flexion)
reflexes: biceps, brachioradialis
paresthesias: n/a
C6
dermatome: anterior arm, radial side hand to thumb and index finger
myotome: biceps, supinator, wrist extensors (elbow flexion, wrist extension)
reflexes: biceps, brachioradialis
paresthesias: thumb, index finger
C7
dermatome: lateral arm and forearm to index/long/ring fingers
myotome: triceps, wrist flexors (rarely wrist extensors) (elbow extension, wrist flexion)
reflexes: triceps
paresthesias: index, long, ring fingers
C8
dermatome: medial arm and forearm to long, ring, and little finger
myotome: ulnar deviators, thumb extensors, thumb adductor, (rarely triceps) (thumb extension)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: little finger alone or with adjacent fingers
T1
dermatome: medial side forearm to base of little finger
myotome: n/a (finger adduction)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: n/a
T2
dermatome: medial side upper arm to medial elbow, pectoral and midscapular areas
myotome: n/a
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: n/a
T3-T12
dermatome: T3-T6 upper thorax T5-T7 costal margin T8-T12 abdomen and lumbar region myotome: n/a reflexes: n/a paresthesias: n/a
L1
dermatome: back, over trochanter and groin
myotome: n/a (hip flexion)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: groin after holding posture which causes pain
L2
dermatome: back, front of thigh to knee
myotome: psoas, hip adductors (hip flexion)
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: occasional anterior thigh
L3
dermatome: medial femoral condyle, back, upper buttock, anterior thigh, anterior knee, medial lower leg
myotome: psoas, quads, thigh atrophy (knee extension)
reflexes: knee jerk sluggish
prone knee bend +
pain on full SLR
paresthesias: medial knee, anterior lower leg
prone knee bend test
purpose: neural tension test stressing the femoral nerve and the mid lumbar (L2-L4) nerve roots
procedure: passively flex patient’s knee to end range and hold for 45 seconds, stabilize hip to avoid rotation
+: Pain in
anterior thigh may be tight/strained quadriceps muscle or neural tension of the femoral nerve.
unilateral lumbar area, buttock, or posterior thigh may be lumbar radiculopathy of L2-L3 nerve roots.
L4
dermatome: medial malleolus, medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe
myotome: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis (ankle DF) (knee extension, ankle DF)
reflexes: SLR limited
neck flexion pain
weak or absent knee jerk
side flexion limited
paresthesias: medial aspect of ankle
L5
dermatome: 3rd MTP joint, buttock, posterior and lateral thigh, lateral aspect leg, dorsum foot, medial half of sole, 1-3rd toes
myotome: extensor hallucis, peroneals, gluteus medius, dorsiflexors, hamstrings and calf atrophy (ankle DF, great toe extension)
reflexes: SLR limited one side
neck flexion painful
ankle decreased
cross leg raising pain
paresthesias: lateral aspect of leg, medial 3 toes
S1
dermatome: lateral and plantar foot
myotome: calf and hamstrings, wasting of gluteals, peroneals, plantar flexors (ankle PF)
reflexes: SLR limited
achilles reflex weak or absent
paresthesias: lateral 2 toes, lateral foot, lateral leg to knee, plantar aspect of foot
S2
dermatome: popliteal fossa, buttock, thigh, posterior leg
myotome: calf and hamstrings, wasting of gluteals, plantar flexors
reflexes: SLR limited
achilles reflex weak or absent
paresthesias: lateral leg, knee, heel
S3
dermatome: ischial tuberosity, groin, posteromedial thigh to knee
myotome: n/a
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: n/a
S4
dermatome: perineum, genitals, lower sacrum
myotome: bladder, rectum
reflexes: n/a
paresthesias: saddle area, genitals, anus, impotence, massive posterior herniation
What dermatome is associated with the plantar surface of the foot?
S1
Which dermatome would be tested by assessing the area of the middle third of the anterior thigh??
L3
Which dermatome would be assessed by touching dorsal surface of the great toe?
L5
