neuromuscular pharmacology 1/7 Flashcards
what are barbiturates, benzodiapezines carboxylic acids, and second generation drugs?
antiepileptics - Indicated for seizure activity including partial, generalized, unclassified
how do antiepileptics MOA?
inhibit firing of certain cerebral neurons to reduce or eliminate seizures
What are iminostilbenes, succinimides, hydantoins?
antiepileptics
What is Neurontin (Gabapentin), Celontin (methsuximide), and seconal (secobarbital)?
antiepileptics
what is Tegretol (carbamazepine)), Dilantin (phenytoin)?
antiepileptics
what are Konopin (clonazepam), Depakote (vaproic acid)?
antiepileptics
what should PT consider about patients with epilepsy
environment - may be sensitive to light or noise
what drug has side effects: Ataxia Skin issues Behavioral changes G.I. distress Headache, blurred vision
antiepileptics
What is the MO way of anti-spasticity agents
Promote relaxation and spastic muscles by selectively binding with CNS or within skeletal muscle cells
Indications or patient populations: Increased tone, spasticity
Spinal cord injury
CVA
Multiple sclerosis
antispasticity
What drug has side effects Drowsiness, confusion, headache, dizziness Generalized muscle weakness Hepatotoxicity Tolerance, dependence
Anti-spasticity agents
PT considerations for patient on anti-spasticity medication
Balance need to decrease spasticity with loss of function with reduced hypertonicity
Promote overall mobility
Sedation may alter schedule
what are Lioresal (baclofen), valium (diazepam)?
antispasticity
what are dantrium (dantrolene), and Zanaflex (tizanidine)?
antispasticity
MOA of cholinergic indirect stimulant agents
inhibit acetycholinersterase (normally destroys acetylcholine) to increase cholinergic synapse activity
Indications:
Glaucoma
Dementia because of Alzheimer’s
cholinergic agents
Indications:
Myasthenia gravis
Postoperative decrease in GI motility
Reverse anticholinergic toxicity
cholinergic agents
Side effects of which medication
G.I. distress
Impaired visual accommodation
Flushing
cholinergic agents
side effects of which medication:
Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia
Other parasympathetic effects
cholinergic agents
Implications for PT for patient on cholinergic agent
Decrease heart rate
Dizziness
Look for sympathetic and parasympathetic system symptoms
What drugs are
Duvoid (bethanechol)
Pilocar (pilocarpine)
direct cholinergic agents
what drugs are Aricept (donezepil) Tensilon (edrophonium) Prostigmin (neostigmine) Cognex (tacrine)
indirect cholinergic agents
What is MOA of dopamine replacement agents?`
Cross blood brain barrier and transform to dopamine within brain
Supplement decrease an endogenous dopamine for Parkinson’s patients
What medication has side effects
Arrhythmias
G.I. distress
Orthostatic hypotension?
dopamine replacement agents
What medications have side effects
Dyskinesias
Mood and behavioral changes
Tolerance
dopamine replacement agents
What PT considerations for patient on levodopa?
Scheduled therapy one hour after taking drugs
Potential for orthostatic hypotension
Possible arrhythmias
What type of drug are Sinemet (levodopa)
Madopar (leodopa)
dopamine replacement agents
what type of drug is
Symmetrel (amantidine)
dopamine replacement agents
What is indication of muscle relaxant agents
Muscle spasm that is continuous, tonic contraction
Typically secondary to musculoskeletal or peripheral nerve injury (not CNS)
What drug has side effects Sedation Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Headache Tolerance and dependence
muscle relaxants
what 2 drug types promote relaxation of muscles
muscle relaxants
antispasticity
What drugs are
Valium (diazepam)
Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
Paraflex (chlorzoxazone)
muscle relaxants
what are PT considerations for patients and muscle relaxant
maximize relaxation with use of modalities, therapeutic techniques
prevent reinjury with stretching, posture retraining, education
