neuromuscular pharmacology 1/7

Question 1

what are barbiturates, benzodiapezines carboxylic acids, and second generation drugs?

Answer 1

antiepileptics - Indicated for seizure activity including partial, generalized, unclassified

Question 2

how do antiepileptics MOA?

Answer 2

inhibit firing of certain cerebral neurons to reduce or eliminate seizures

Question 3

What are iminostilbenes, succinimides, hydantoins?

Answer 3

antiepileptics

Question 4

What is Neurontin (Gabapentin), Celontin (methsuximide), and seconal (secobarbital)?

Answer 4

antiepileptics

Question 5

what is Tegretol (carbamazepine)), Dilantin (phenytoin)?

Answer 5

antiepileptics

Question 6

what are Konopin (clonazepam), Depakote (vaproic acid)?

Answer 6

antiepileptics

Question 7

what should PT consider about patients with epilepsy

Answer 7

environment - may be sensitive to light or noise

Question 8

what drug has side effects:
Ataxia
Skin issues
Behavioral changes
G.I. distress
Headache, blurred vision

Answer 8

antiepileptics

Question 9

What is the MO way of anti-spasticity agents

Answer 9

Promote relaxation and spastic muscles by selectively binding with CNS or within skeletal muscle cells

Question 10

Indications or patient populations: Increased tone, spasticity
Spinal cord injury
CVA
Multiple sclerosis

Answer 10

antispasticity

Question 11

What drug has side effects
Drowsiness, confusion, headache, dizziness
Generalized muscle weakness
Hepatotoxicity
Tolerance, dependence

Answer 11

Anti-spasticity agents

Question 12

PT considerations for patient on anti-spasticity medication

Answer 12

Balance need to decrease spasticity with loss of function with reduced hypertonicity
Promote overall mobility
Sedation may alter schedule

Question 13

what are Lioresal (baclofen), valium (diazepam)?

Answer 13

antispasticity

Question 14

what are dantrium (dantrolene), and Zanaflex (tizanidine)?

Answer 14

antispasticity

Question 15

MOA of cholinergic indirect stimulant agents

Answer 15

inhibit acetycholinersterase (normally destroys acetylcholine) to increase cholinergic synapse activity

Question 16

Indications:
Glaucoma
Dementia because of Alzheimer’s

Answer 16

cholinergic agents

Question 17

Indications:
Myasthenia gravis
Postoperative decrease in GI motility
Reverse anticholinergic toxicity

Answer 17

cholinergic agents

Question 18

Side effects of which medication
G.I. distress
Impaired visual accommodation
Flushing

Answer 18

cholinergic agents

Question 19

side effects of which medication:
Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia
Other parasympathetic effects

Answer 19

cholinergic agents

Question 20

Implications for PT for patient on cholinergic agent

Answer 20

Decrease heart rate
Dizziness
Look for sympathetic and parasympathetic system symptoms

Question 21

What drugs are
Duvoid (bethanechol)
Pilocar (pilocarpine)

Answer 21

direct cholinergic agents

Question 22

what drugs are
Aricept (donezepil)
Tensilon (edrophonium)
Prostigmin (neostigmine)
Cognex (tacrine)

Answer 22

indirect cholinergic agents

Question 23

What is MOA of dopamine replacement agents?`

Answer 23

Cross blood brain barrier and transform to dopamine within brain
Supplement decrease an endogenous dopamine for Parkinson’s patients

Question 24

What medication has side effects
Arrhythmias
G.I. distress
Orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 24

dopamine replacement agents

Question 25

What medications have side effects Dyskinesias Mood and behavioral changes Tolerance

Answer 25

dopamine replacement agents

Question 26

What PT considerations for patient on levodopa?

Answer 26

Scheduled therapy one hour after taking drugs Potential for orthostatic hypotension Possible arrhythmias

Question 27

What type of drug are Sinemet (levodopa) | Madopar (leodopa)

Answer 27

dopamine replacement agents

Question 28

what type of drug is | Symmetrel (amantidine)

Answer 28

dopamine replacement agents

Question 29

What is indication of muscle relaxant agents

Answer 29

Muscle spasm that is continuous, tonic contraction | Typically secondary to musculoskeletal or peripheral nerve injury (not CNS)

Question 30

``` What drug has side effects Sedation Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Headache Tolerance and dependence ```

Answer 30

muscle relaxants

Question 31

what 2 drug types promote relaxation of muscles

Answer 31

muscle relaxants | antispasticity

Question 32

What drugs are Valium (diazepam) Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine) Paraflex (chlorzoxazone)

Answer 32

muscle relaxants

Question 33

what are PT considerations for patients and muscle relaxant

Answer 33

maximize relaxation with use of modalities, therapeutic techniques prevent reinjury with stretching, posture retraining, education