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Final Biochem > Schricker study guide > Flashcards

Schricker study guide Flashcards

1
Q

mineral component of bone

A

hydroxyapetite

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2
Q

primary protein component of bone

A

collagen

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3
Q

remodeling cycle and serum calcium levels

A

increase in serum calcium bone synthesis occurs which increases bone mass, this result sin decrease in serum calcium, resulting in bone resportpion and decrease in bone mass, etc, etc

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4
Q

where else is calcium found

A

teeth

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5
Q

how is calcium distributed in serum

A

50% ionized calcium
40% proteinbound to albumin
10% bound to citrate/phosphate

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6
Q

protein bound calcium is biologically inactive/active

A

inactive

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7
Q

ionized calcium is inactive/active

A

active

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8
Q

cells involved in bone remodleing cycle

A

mesenchymal, osteoblasts, hematopoeitic stem cells, osteoclasts

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9
Q

what factors regulate bone remodeling cycle

A 
serum calcium (inhibits resporption)
hormones, cytokines
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10
Q

major consequences of increased PTH

A

resportion of bone which decreases bone mass

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11
Q

what regulates pth production

A

stimulated by low plasma calcium levels

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12
Q

increased vitamin d increases

A

serum calcium levels, gut adsorption of calcium, and bone adsorption

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13
Q

what regulates vitamin d production

A

1-alpha hydroxylase in kidney

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14
Q

tumors produce what protein

A

Parathyroid hormone related protein which has a seuqnce homology with PTH and icnreases production of growth factos

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15
Q

osteomalcia

A

defects in HA formation due to vitament D deficiency (causes rickets, cured by cod liver oil)

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16
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of mineral density with age, increase risk of fracture, rates of bone syntehsis and resporption change (treatments with estrogen, biphosphonates, calcitonin)

17
Q

pagets disease

A

excessive breakdown of bone followed by disorganized repair of bone, problems with osteoblasts/osteoclasts

18
Q

rankL binds to

A

RANK on osteoclasts

19
Q

when RANKL binds to RANK, it triggers

A

osteoclasts to resorb bone

20
Q

OPG inhibits RANKL from binding to

A

RANK

21
Q

estrogen activates

A

OPG

22
Q

PTH indirectly stimualates

A

osteoclasts

23
Q

hypercalcemia is low/high calcium in blood

A

high

24
Q

hypercalcemia is caused by

A

high PTH levels

25
Q

hypocalcemia is low/high calcium in blood

A

low

26
Q

hypocalcemia is caused by

A

low PTH levels

Final Biochem (6 decks)

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