Quan Study Guide pt.2

Question 1

major energy sources in body

Answer 1

glucose and fatty acids

Question 2

glucose is critical why?

Answer 2

• fuels brain activity
• preferred source in muscle
• stored as glycogen in liver and muscle

Question 3

long term energy store is

Answer 3

fat

Question 4

can you use amino acids as an energy source

Answer 4

yes (during fasting/metabolic stress)

Question 5

plasma glucose concentration is the result of

Answer 5

intake, production, tissue utilization

Question 6

insulin is produced by

Answer 6

beta cells in pancreas

Question 7

glucagon is secreted by

Answer 7

alpha cells in pancrease

Question 8

gluconeogenesis key substrates

Answer 8

lactate, alanine, glycerol

Question 9

effect of insulin promotes

Answer 9

anabolism (breaking down of glucose)

Question 10

type 2 diabetes is

Answer 10

insulin resistance

Question 11

function of glucagon

Answer 11

anti insulin (increases blood glucose, activity limited only to liver)

Question 12

causes of hypoglycemia

Answer 12

exercise, fasting, too much injected insulin, too much produced insulin, inhibition of gluconeogenesis (when you drink)

Question 13

high insulin/low glucagon occurs when

Answer 13

fed state (after eating)

Question 14

low insulin/high glucagon occurs when

Answer 14

fasting state (6-12 hours without food)

Question 15

chronic low insulin/high glucagon occurs

Answer 15

starvation (over 12 hours)

Question 16

substrates of gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

lactate, alananin, glycerol (LAG)

Question 17

what is the major energy substrate during prolonged starvation

Answer 17

free fatty acids

Question 18

which type of diabetes is prone to ketoacidosis

Answer 18

type 1, (dependent on insulin)

Question 19

obesity is linked to insulin_____

Answer 19

resistance

Question 20

lack of insulin results in

Answer 20

hyperglycemia (loss of glucose in urine and results in dehydration)

Question 21

lack of insulin also increases break down of

Answer 21

lipids, resulting in acidosis becasue excessive acetyl COA

Question 22

in eyes, diabetes can cause

Answer 22

cataracts and blindness

Question 23

glucose tolerance test

Answer 23

give person glucose, can either return levels to normal or not

Question 24

A1c test

Answer 24

glucose attaches to hemoglobin and represents whole life time of hemoglobin exposure to glucose

Question 25

does a1c test require fasting

Answer 25

no

Question 26

diabetes treatent

Answer 26

diet, excercise, insulin, (type 2- insulin doesnt always work, maybe oral hypoglycemic drugs)