Quan Study Guide pt.2 Flashcards
major energy sources in body
glucose and fatty acids
glucose is critical why?
- fuels brain activity
- preferred source in muscle
- stored as glycogen in liver and muscle
long term energy store is
fat
can you use amino acids as an energy source
yes (during fasting/metabolic stress)
plasma glucose concentration is the result of
intake, production, tissue utilization
insulin is produced by
beta cells in pancreas
glucagon is secreted by
alpha cells in pancrease
gluconeogenesis key substrates
lactate, alanine, glycerol
effect of insulin promotes
anabolism (breaking down of glucose)
type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance
function of glucagon
anti insulin (increases blood glucose, activity limited only to liver)
causes of hypoglycemia
exercise, fasting, too much injected insulin, too much produced insulin, inhibition of gluconeogenesis (when you drink)
high insulin/low glucagon occurs when
fed state (after eating)
low insulin/high glucagon occurs when
fasting state (6-12 hours without food)
chronic low insulin/high glucagon occurs
starvation (over 12 hours)
substrates of gluconeogenesis
lactate, alananin, glycerol (LAG)
what is the major energy substrate during prolonged starvation
free fatty acids
which type of diabetes is prone to ketoacidosis
type 1, (dependent on insulin)
obesity is linked to insulin_____
resistance
lack of insulin results in
hyperglycemia (loss of glucose in urine and results in dehydration)
lack of insulin also increases break down of
lipids, resulting in acidosis becasue excessive acetyl COA
in eyes, diabetes can cause
cataracts and blindness
glucose tolerance test
give person glucose, can either return levels to normal or not
A1c test
glucose attaches to hemoglobin and represents whole life time of hemoglobin exposure to glucose
does a1c test require fasting
no
diabetes treatent
diet, excercise, insulin, (type 2- insulin doesnt always work, maybe oral hypoglycemic drugs)
