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Final Biochem > Quan Study Guide pt.1 > Flashcards

Quan Study Guide pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

most important funciton of oxygen

A

metabolism, energy consumption,

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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2
Q

oxygen is___ at body temperature

A

inert (very stable in body and non reactive)

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3
Q

at body temp, oxygen is activated by

A

metal ions (but reactions dont occur)

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4
Q

oxidation is loss or gain of electrons

A

loss of electrons or an

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5
Q

reduction is loss or gain of electrons

A

gain

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6
Q

reduction is increase or decrease of oxidation state

A

decrease

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7
Q

oxidation is increase/decrease of oxidation state

A

increase

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8
Q

oxidation/reduction mneuomic

A

OIL RIG

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9
Q

ROS

A

reactive oxygen species: partially reduced, reactive forms of oxygen_

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10
Q

most prevalent ROS

A

hydrogen peroxide

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11
Q

what is most reactive and damaging species ROS

A

OH radical

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12
Q

free radicals are clusters of atoms , one of which contains an

A

unpaired electron in outermost shell

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13
Q

are free radicals stable/unstable and do they react quickly/slowly

A

very unstable, react very quickly to become stable

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14
Q

3 ways ROS are formed in vivo

A

reactton of oxygen with decompartmentalized metal ions, side reaction of mitochondrial electron transport, or when an artery is clogged

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15
Q

oxidative stress is an imbalance between

A

prooxidant and antioxidant systems

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16
Q

what is most sensitive site of ROS damage

A

at cell membrane

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17
Q

cell membranes are rich in

A

polyunsaturated FA

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18
Q

damage to cell membrane reduces

A

integrity and function

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19
Q

macrophages and neutrophils must generates ROS in order to

A

kill some types of bacteria that they engulf via phagocytosis

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20
Q

myeloperoxidase is usually what type of cell and produces what

A

neutrophil and produces hypochloric acid

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21
Q

superoxide dismutase converts

A

two superoxide anions into a molecule of hydrogen perozide and oxygen

22
Q

examples of antioxidants

A

Vit A, C, E (protective), uric acid, glutathione peroxidase

23
Q

glutathione peroxidase

A

reduced back to original form with help of NADPH

24
Q

all ingested materials are filtered thru the

A

liver

25
Q

excretory function of liver

A

bilirubin

26
Q

mad liver disease

A

no outward symptoms

27
Q

structure of livier facilitates exchange of metabolites between

A

hepatocytes and plasma

28
Q

liver stores glucose as

A

glycogen

29
Q

synthesis of glucose thru

A

gluconeogenesis

30
Q

majority of plasma proteins (albumin, coagulation factors, alpha/beta globulins) are synthesized

A

synthesized in liver

31
Q

urea cycle is important for removal of

A

nitrogen generated by amino acid metabolism

32
Q

ammonia is toxic/not toxic to CNS

A

toxic (can cause brain damage)

33
Q

a heme is a constituent of

A

hemoglobin

34
Q

heme is the binding moiety of

A

O2

35
Q

the liver is the main

A

nonerythrocyte source of heme synthesis

36
Q

rate limiting step in heme synthesis is

A

5-ALA synthase (in mitochondria)

37
Q

heme controls its own syntehsis by inhibiting

A

5-ALA synthase

38
Q

what is bilirubin

A

catabolic product of heme

39
Q

oxidized bilirubin is called

A

biliverdin

40
Q

jaundice is really called

A

hyperbilirubinemia

41
Q

jaundice is the result of an imbalance between

A

the production and excretion of bilirubin.

42
Q

three main causes of jaundice are

A

prehepatic, intrahepatic, postehepatic

43
Q

prehapitic

A

increased production of bilirubin

44
Q

intrahepatic

A

impaired hepatic uptake, conjugation, or secretion of bilirubin

45
Q

posthepatic

A

obstruction to bilary drainage

46
Q

most drugs are metabolized where in the body

A

liver

47
Q

2 phases of drug metabolism

A

1: addition of polar group
2: conjugation

48
Q

cytochrome p-450 is a heme containing proteins that

A

colaclize with reduced NADPH (present in ER)

49
Q

acetaminophen is hepatotoxic

A

in excess (causes free radical mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids)

50
Q

excess intake of ____ is most common cause of liver disease

A

ethyl alcohol

Final Biochem (6 decks)

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