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Final Biochem > Bartling Guide > Flashcards

Bartling Guide Flashcards

1
Q

cellular signal transducttion cassettes detect, amplify and

A

integrate external signals

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2
Q

cellular signal transduction cassettes are compromised of

A
  • specific cell surface membrane receptors
  • effector signalling elements
  • regulatory proteins
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3
Q

Six steps of signalling

A
  1. synthesis
  2. release
  3. transport
  4. binding
  5. change
  6. removal/termination
  7. degradation
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4
Q

1st step of signaling

A

synthesis of signaling molecule

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5
Q

2nd step of signaling

A

release of signaling molecule

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6
Q

3rd step of signaling

A

transport of signaling molecule to target cell

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7
Q

4th step of signaling

A

binding of the ligand by a specific receptor protein and change in comformation

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8
Q

5th step of signaling

A

change in cellular metabolism, function or development (cellular response)

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9
Q

6th step of signaling

A

removal of ligand, terminating cellular response

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10
Q

7th step of signaling

A

degradation of ligand

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11
Q

chemical messengers are made by

A

endocribe cells

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12
Q

chemical messengers are secreted into

A

the blood stream

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13
Q

chemical messengers

A

affect gene expression and protein synthesis

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14
Q

autocrine acts on

A

same cell that secreted them

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15
Q

paracrine acts on

A

other cells

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16
Q

types of hormones

A
  • steroids
  • amine
  • peptide
  • polypeptide
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17
Q

cholesterol is a

A

steroid hormone

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18
Q

cholesterol precursor

A
  • corticosteroids
  • androgens
  • estrogens
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19
Q

steroid hormones immediately diffuse out of _____ and into _____

A

out of endocrine cells and into blood stream

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20
Q

steroids are _____ solubule

A

lipid soluble

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21
Q

steroids can/cant cross cell membrane

A

can

22
Q

intracellular (cytoplasmic) receptors located where?

A

inside trget cells

23
Q

steroid hormones have a _____ half life/ ____ acting than peptide hormones

A

longer/slower

24
Q

amine hormones are derived from

A

tyrosine or tryptophan

25
Q

amine hormones are stored in______ until secreted

A

endocrine cells until secreted

26
Q

receptors of amine hormones can be located

A

on cell surface of intracellular

27
Q

polypeptide hormones are_____ soluble

A

water soluble

28
Q

polypeptides do or do not pass through cell membrane

A

do not

29
Q

polypeptide hormones are termed

A

first messengers as they bind to external receptors

30
Q

second messengers are

A

internal reactions

31
Q

2 low molecular weight signalling molecules

A

cAMP or calcium

32
Q

intracellular effects are mediated by

A

second messengers

33
Q

g protein coupled receptors are

A

integral membrane proteins (extracellular N terminus)

34
Q

g protein coupled receptors have seven

A

transmembrane spanning a- helices

35
Q

g protein coupled receptors have three

A

extracellular and intracellular loops

36
Q

third intracelluular loop recruits

A

g proteins

37
Q

g proteins have intracellular ______ tail membrane

A

c- terminal tail membrane

38
Q

g protein has no

A

intrinsic catalytic domains

39
Q

g protein activates

A

adenylyl cyclase

40
Q

adenylyl cyclase

A

converts ATP to cAMP

41
Q

G protein also activates

A

protein kinases in the cytosol

42
Q

phosphodiesteras inactivates

A

cAMP (turns off cell response)

43
Q

specificity of g protein conferred by

A

alpha subunit (which ocntains the GTP binding site and an intrinsic GTPase activity)

44
Q

adenylyl cyclase

A

activated by alpha subunit of G protein

45
Q

each bound hormone can stimulate

A

many G alpha subunits that amplifies original hormone signal

46
Q

bacterial toxins that target g proteins

A

cholera toxin and pertussis toxin

47
Q

cholera toxin

A

increase in cAMP within intestinal epithelial cells which leads to phosphorylation of Cl- channels and efflux of electrolytes and water

48
Q

cholera toxin results in severe

A

diarrhea

49
Q

pertussis toxin also called

A

whooping cough

50
Q

pertussis toxin enhances

A

cAMP levels that inhibits neutrophil functions

51
Q

tyrosine kinase linked receptors have no intrinsic

A

enzymatic activity

52
Q

ligand bonding in tyrosine kinase receptors forms a dimer that activates

A

tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate downstream targets (signal cascade)

Final Biochem (6 decks)

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