School and Television

Question 1

________________ Effect: Rosenthal and Jacobsen (1968) found that teachers’ expectations about student achievement can have a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Answer 1

Rosenthal.

Question 2

Research has confirmed that teachers respond differently to boys and girls in the classroom; _______ are more likely to be corrected, criticized, praised, and helped.

Answer 2

Boys.

Question 3

Teachers’ feedback has also been shown to differentiate between genders:

• _________ are most often criticized for lack of decorum, failure to do their work neatly, or inattention, but praised for intellectual accomplishments and task-related behaviors.
• _________ more often receive criticism for a lack of ability or inadequate intellectual performance, and praise for their effort, cooperation, and dependent behaviors.

Answer 3

• Boys
• Girls

Question 4

Children who attend Head Start and other compensatory preschool programs for economically-disadvantaged children obtain higher scores on achievement tests, have better attitudes toward school, and are less likely to be held-back, attend special ed, or drop out; initial IQ score elevations ____________ maintained and they ___________ catch up to more advantaged children.

Answer 4

• Are not
• Do not

Question 5

The following factors have been associated with early compensatory education programs:

• _________ are involved in the program
• Programs are _____________ with respect to time spent in them
• Programs are coordinated with health, housing, and other social services
• Programs are followed by educational support once children enter school
• Programs are based on a ______________ and use carefully developed methods and procedures

Answer 5

• Parents
• High in intensity
• Formal theory

Question 6

The Montessori Method was originally developed for ________________ children in preschool through _________________, but has been found effective for other students.

Answer 6

• Mentally retarded
• High school

Question 7

A distinguishing feature of the Montessori approach, which is child-centered and designed to fit the child’s abilities, is that learning stems from _____________________, with teaching methods selected to enhance _____________________.

Answer 7

• Sense perception
• Sense discrimination

Question 8

Some consistent findings on the effects of TV viewing are that it increases ________________ and tolerance for ________________, and reinforces ______________________.

Answer 8

• Aggressive behaviors
• Aggression
• Traditional sex-role stereotypes

Question 9

TV viewing can be beneficial; studies have shown the viewing Sesame Street and similar shows has a positive impact on ____________ acquisition, cognitive skills, and ____________ attitudes among preschoolers.

Answer 9

• Vocabulary
• Prosocial