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N3122 Child Health > School Age: Asthma > Flashcards

School Age: Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: asthma is most common chronic illnes in children

A

True

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2
Q

What time of the year is peak time for asthma?

A

Fall - September

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3
Q

What are some triggers of asthma?

A

Exercise, viral or bacterial agents, allergens, fragrances, food additives, pollutants, weather changes, emotions or stress

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4
Q

What is the impact of asthma on a child?

A
  • Lifestyle
  • Activity level
  • Increase absences
  • Medications on regular basis
  • Hospital visits
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5
Q

Define asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing varying degrees of obstruction and narrowing in the airways

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6
Q

What are some protective factors that reduce risk for asthma?

A

large family size, later birth order, child care attendance, dog in the family, and living on a farm

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7
Q

What are common risk factors for asthma?

A
  • Familial disposition
  • Exposure to smoke
  • House dust and mites
  • Preterm birth
  • Child who had RSV
  • Pets
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8
Q

How does an acute asthma episode occur?

A

exaggerated inflammatory response = vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, contraction of smooth bronchial muscle, and secretion of thick mucus = narrow and obstruct the air-ways (acute asthma episode)

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9
Q

What are characteristics of an acute asthma episode?

A

sudden onset of breathing difficulty, cough, wheeze, breathlessness, airway obstruction

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10
Q

What do triggers of asthma do?

A

Triggers increase frequency and severity of smooth muscle contractions (bronchospasms)

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11
Q

impaired expiration leads to: 3 things

A

air trapping, hyperinflation, and dyspnea

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12
Q

What are the 1st signs of asthma

A
  • Can’t - Cough
  • Wait – wheeze on expiration or prolonged expiration
  • Till – tightness (chest)
  • Spring – Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
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13
Q

What are the signs of increasing distress in asthma? (9)

A

Wheezing on inspiration and expiration
diminished breath sounds
tachypnea
use of accessory muscles (scalene)
retractions
anxiety
restlessness
agitation
positioning

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14
Q

What are the ominous signs of asthma? (5)

A

quiet chest
head bobbing
use of accessory muscles (increased work of breathing)
disorientation
lethargy

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15
Q

What are the ways to manage asthma? (7)

A
  • Investigations (Chest X-ray, blood gases, pulmonary function tests)

-Humidified O2, pulse oximetry

  • Hydration & IV access
  • Positioning
  • Quick –Relief Medications: Bronchodilators & anti-inflammatory agents
  • Monitor airway response to treatment: frequent assessments pre/post meds
  • Asthma pathway
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16
Q

What is the asthma pathway?

A

Objective tool used to assess patient with asthma and decide on frequency of assessment and medications

  • uses PRAM score
17
Q

T or F: Patient does not need salbutamol q4h if PRAM is less than 3

A

F, pt will always receive salbutamol q4h no matter the score

18
Q

What PRAM score would lead to giving salbutamol? and when would you contact MD?

A

more than or equal to 3

  • at 6 or more = contact MD
19
Q

What are the assessments for PRAM?

A
  • suprasternal indrawing (0 or 2)
  • scalene retractions (0 or 2)
  • wheezing (0-3)
  • air entry (0-3)
20
Q

What are the preventer or controller medications for asthma?

A
  • inhaled corticosteroids (budesonide-Pulmicort)
  • oral corticosteriods (predisone)
  • long-acting bronchodilators aka beta agonists (salmeterol)
  • combination meds (symbicort, advair)
21
Q

What are the reliever medications?

A
  • short acting beta agonist (salbutamol-ventolin)
22
Q

What are nursing considerations for reliever medications?

A
  • take before inhaled steroid
  • dont use daily
  • may use before exercise or activity
23
Q

What does corticosteroid do for asthma?

A

Anti-inflammatory, reduces mucosal edema, controls seasonal allergies

24
Q

What does beta agonist do for asthma?

A

Relaxes smooth muscle, increased bronchodilation & mucous clearing

25
Q

What indicates that asthma is out of control?

A
  • symptoms for 2 or more days of the week
  • night-time wakening more than once a month due to coughing
  • interference with activity
  • using ventolin more than 3 times a week
26
Q

What are written asthma action plans?

A

for use at school and at home that includes indicators of worsening asthma, a list of specific symptoms, and recommendations for treatment

27
Q

What is an allergic reaction?

A

Abnormal or altered reaction to an antigen which are responsible for manifestations of the allergy → these antigens are called allergens

28
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A
  • potentially life-threatening systemic reaction to an allergen.
  • Symptoms can occur within minutes or up to2 hours after exposure to an allergy-causing substance

N3122 Child Health (14 decks)

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