G&D & Communication Flashcards
What are the ages for infant?
0-1
Age for toddler
1-3 years
age for preschoolers
3-6 years
age for school age
6-12 years
age for adolescents
12 - 18 years
what are the 4 key principles of the UN convention on rights of child?
- Protection (e.g., from abuse, exploitation and harmful substances)
- Provision (e.g., for education, health care and an adequate standard of living)
- Participation (e.g., listening to children’s views and respecting their evolving capacities)
- Specific protections and provisions for vulnerable populations such as Aboriginal children and children with disabilities
What are the differences between assent and consent?
Consent may only be given by individuals who have reached the legal age of consent
Assent is the agreement of someone not able to give legal consent to participate in the activity.
when can children assent?
- Children 7 years of age & older
- Voluntarily accept or refuse to participate
What is important to infant communication?
- TRUST
- sensory-focused communication:
- parental presence & touch
- speak directly to them in a gentle high-pitched tone
- use known words
- respond to cries in a timely manner
- watch for over stimulation
- use play to interact with older infants
What are infant stressors? (10)
- Separation anxiety
- Stranger anxiety
- Pain & discomfort
- Immobilization
- Sleep deprivation
- Sensory overload
- Temperature alteration
- Hunger
- Reflux
- Teething
How can you reduce stress in infants?
facilitate trust through sensory or psychomotor approach:
○ Nonverbal
○ Comforting vocalizations
○ Family presence
What is important for toddler communication?
AUTONOMY
- promote independence & control
- encourage & give time for expression
- set limits- help the toddler feel safe
- promote security
- use play to interact with toddlers (parallel play)
- communicate frequently & with familiar words
- receptive > expressive speech
How to teach and learn with toddlers
- use simple terminology
- short clear instructions
- Non-threatening
- Beginning understanding of cause & effect
- Allow choices where possible
- prepare for procedures immediately beforehand
What are stressors in toddlers? (6)
- Separation anxiety
- Loss of self control
- Immobilization
- Pain & discomfort
- The dark, loud, sudden noises
- Change in environment or change in routines
How can you reduce stress in toddlers? (7)
- allowing choices when possible
- promotion of expression (singing, banging)
- routines & rituals
- non-verbal (cuddling, rocking, massage)
- Security object
- comforting vocalizations (calm speech, singing, humming)
- family presence
What is important for preschooler communication?
INITIATIVE
- provide concrete and literal descriptions
- ask questions
- consider preschooler’s (active imaginations, magical thinking, heightened fears, short attention span)
-promote expression through dramatic & associative play
- provide simple, truthful answer
How to teach and learn with preschoolers
- drawings, stories to explain care
- medical play with safe handling of equipment:
- Involve child (industry)
- encourage child to ask questions & make choices
- explain procedures
What are stressors for preschoolers? (6)
- Separation anxiety
- Fear of abandonment
- Stress in the home
- Mutilation concerns / body integrity
- Painful procedures
-The dark - Ghosts and monsters
What are ways to reduce stress in preschoolers? (6)
- allowing choices when possible
- promotion of expression
- use of familiar words
- night light or flashlight
- interaction with peers
- family presence
What is important for communication in school age?
INDUSTRY
- speak directly to child
- engage in conversations (mature use of language)
- be honest
- encourage expression
- cooperative play
teaching and learning with school agers (3)
- use books, diagrams, games
- encourage child to ask questions and make choices in collaboration with parent
-prepare for procedure several days before
What are stressors for school agers?
- School
- Interpersonal relationships
- Society
- Poverty
- Chronic illness
- Medical procedures and hospitalization
- Fear of abandonment
How can you reduce stress for school agers?
- promotion of expression
- peer interaction
- activities involving favorite objects, hobbies, computers, music or video games
- direct and concrete explanations
what is important for adolescent communication?
IDENTITY
* consider fluctuation between school-age and adult thinking and behavior
* provide clear expectations
* provide privacy
* be straightforward & clarify terms
* discuss care in collaboration with adolescent
* facilitate expression –non-judgemental
* opportunity to Talk without parents present
