Schmolck Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Schmolck conducted?

A

2002

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2
Q

What was the aim?

A

To investigate the effects of brain damage on semantic memory

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3
Q

What was the sample?

A

Six participants with amnesia (one of whom was H.M) and eight ordinary people (7 males and 1 female, all aged 74 with an education of 12.4 years.

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4
Q

What groups were the amnesia patients divided into?

A
  • 2 with brain damage restricted to the hippocampus
  • 3 who suffered from encephalitis resulting in medial temporal lobe damage and anterolateral temporal cortex damage (MTL+)
  • H.M. - some lateral temporal lobe damage
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5
Q

What was the procedure?

A
  • Amnesia patients divided into groups
  • Completed 9 tasks (e.g. pointing to or naming a picture)
  • Given a further 4 tasks (H.M. only did 1)
  • Percentage if correct responses scored for all tests except 6, 8 and 9
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6
Q

Define unilateral lobectomy

A

The removal of parts of the brain from one hemisphere

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7
Q

What were the results for tasks 1-9?

A
  • Participants with damage to the hippocampus performed well (name, point out and answer questions about objects)
  • Patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe and anterolateral temporal cortex performed less well in these areas
  • When participants were ranked for their overall performance, they corresponded with the amount of damage they suffered
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8
Q

What were the results for tasks 10-13?

A

Participants with MTL+ performed significantly better than the other tests

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9
Q

What are the conclusions of the study?

A
  • Damage to the anterolateral temporal cortex is consistent with the loss of semantic memory
  • Semantic knowledge is associated with the anterolateral region and not the medial temporal lobe
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10
Q

Why did H.M. perform less well than the other patients?

A

Because he was taken out of school as a child and grew up working class so it’s unlikely he ever obtained the semantic knowledge in the first place

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11
Q

Is Schmolck generalisable?

A
  • Only 14 participants in total

- Case studies are unique

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12
Q

Is Schmolck reliable?

A
  • Lab study - high reliability

- High Levels of controls such as the images used, the timings etc.

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13
Q

Is Schmolck applicable?

A
  • Useful in understanding the effects of brain damage and dementia
  • May be investigating how the brain has responded to damage not the effects of damage
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14
Q

Is Schmolck valid?

A
  • Control group was matched on age, sex etc so removed extraneous variables
  • Lacked mundane realism and ecological validity
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15
Q

Is Schmolck ethical?

A
  • Received consent and nobody was harmed

- Worked with vulnerable adults

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