Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Flashcards
what is psychosis?
altered cognition
altered perception
impaired reality testing
what is altered cognition?
disorganized thoughts
what is impaired reality testing?
ability to tell real/not real
loss of contact with distortion of reality
hallucinations or delusional thinking
when is the onset of schizophrenia?
late adolescence or early adulthood (15-25 years)
what age does childhood onset of schizophrenia occur?
before 15 years
what age does late onset of schizophrenia occur?
after 40 years
how many phases occur in the late onset of schizophrenia?
four phases
what is the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?
it can last a few weeks to a few years
deterioration in role functioning and social withdrawal
substantial functional impairment
what are the symptoms within the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?
sleep disturbance
anxiety
irritability
depressed mood
poor concentration
fatigue
what are the late symptoms of prodromal phase of schizophrenia?
ideas of reference
suspiciousness
imminent onset of psychosis
what are the symptoms of the acute phase of schizophrenia?
a patient needs 2 or more, where at least 1 of the symptoms have to be 1-3
- delusion
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
decreased level of functioning in 1 or more major areas- social/occupational dysfunction
what is the duration of the symptoms within the acute phase of schizoprhenia?
must last at least 6 months with 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated)
what must be ruled out first before the diagnosis of schizophrenia can be made?
schizoaffective disorders
mood disorders
substance abuse
medications
medical condition
if history of autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder, one must have prominent delusions or hallucinations for diagnosis
what are the classification of symptoms with schizophrenia?
positive symptoms
negative symptoms
cognitive symptoms
affective symptoms
what are examples of positive symptoms?
delusions
speech alterations
disorganized thinking
perception
catatonia
motor retardiation
motor agitation
alterations in behavior
what are examples of delusions?
persecutory
grandiose
referential
control or influence
somatic
nihilistic
religiosity
erotomantic
what is a delusion?
fixed false belief
what is persecutory delusion?
is the belief that a person or people are out to get them
what is a grandiose delusion?
the patient’s see themselves in an exaggerated way of importance
what is a referential delusion?
the patient thinks everything in the environment pertains to them
what is a control or influence delusion?
the patient believes someone has control over them
what is a somatic delusion?
the patient believes there is something physically wrong with them when there is not
what is a nihilistic delusion?
the patient thinks the “end of the world/days” is coming
what is a religiosity delusion?
the patient has an obsession of religion
what is an erotomantic delusion?
the patient believes someone likes or loves them and the other person may not even know them
what are examples of speech alterations?
associative looseness
word salad (schizophasia)
clang associations
neologisms
echolalia
cirumstantiality
tangentiality
pressured speech
flight of ideas
symbolic speech
what is associative looseness?
is the person is all over the place in their conversation, but each topic can loosely be put together
what is word salad (schizophasia)?
the patient is saying real words, but they are all jumbled up
what is clang associations?
when a patient rhymes all the words
what is neologisms?
the patient is saying words that do NOT exist, but they have meanings to the patient
what is echolalia?
the patient is repeating words or phrases and it is their way of trying to connect with the other person
what is circumstantiality?
the patient is giving a lot of details and then they get to the point
what is tangentiality?
the patient is going off on a tangent and not getting to the point
what is pressured speech?
the patient is talking really fast where another person may NOT be able to get a word in during the conversation
what is a flight of ideas?
the patient is all over the place in the conversation and changing the topics
what is symbolic speech?
the patient is utilizing symbols to describe their delusions
what are examples of disorganized thinking?
cognitive retardation
thought blocking
thought insertion
thought deletion
magical thinking
paranoia
what is cognitive retardation?
is a slowing of thoughts
what is thought blocking?
is when someone is talking and they completely forget
what is thought insertion?
is the patient believes someone may have put thoughts in their head
what is thought deletion?
the patient believes someone may have taken thoughts from their heads
what is magical thinking?
is normal in children, but not in adults’ when it is the patient thinks something about someone and something is bad happens to them the patient will blame themselves
what are some example of hallucinations?
auditory
visual
tactile
gustatory
olfactory
command
what are examples of altered perception in schizophrenia?
hallucinations
illusions
derealization
what are the most common hallucinations?
auditory hallucinations
what are the most dangerous hallucinations?
command hallucinations
what are command hallucinations?
are hallucinations telling them or showing them to do something; can lead to hurting themselves or others
what are illusions?
there is something in the environment, but they are perceiving it differently
what is derealization?
the reality around them seems weird or altered
what are examples of alterations in behavior?
catatonia
motor retardation
motor agitation
stereotyped behaviors
echopraxia
negativism
impaired impulse control
boundary impairment
what are symptoms are with catatonia?
catalepsy
waxy flexibility