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Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing > Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of a cholinergic neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

what neurotransmitter deals with memory, learning, and big movement?

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

what triggers muscle contractions, involved in sleep, arousal, pain perception, memory, cognition, and mood/sexual aggression?

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

what destroys/inhibits acetylcholine?

A

acetylcholinesterase

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5
Q

what is the abbreviation for acetylcholine?

A

ACh

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6
Q

what are examples of a monoamine neurotransmitter?

A

norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
histamine

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7
Q

what is the function of norepinephrine?

A

deals with motivation/vigilance
executive function, such as attention, concentration, memory, perception, learning, planning, and problem solving
cardiovascular functioning; sleep; arousal

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8
Q

what metabolizes/inactivates/inhibits norepinephrine?

A

monoamine oxidase (MOA) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

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9
Q

what is the abbreviation for norepinephrine?

A

N

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10
Q

what is the function of dopamine?

A

reward, fine movement, coordination
decision making, judgement
regulation of emotional response

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11
Q

what does dopamine inhibit the release of?

A

prolactin

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12
Q

what metabolizes/inactivates/inhibits dopamine?

A

MAO and COMT

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13
Q

what is the abbreviation for dopamine?

A

D

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14
Q

where is serotonin derived from?

A

tryptophan

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15
Q

what is the function of serotonin?

A

mood, aggression, appetite, libido, sleep, arousal, pain, suicidal ideation, judgment, coordination

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16
Q

what diseases are dopamine implicated in?

A

schizophrenia
mania

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17
Q

what diseases dose serotonin play a role in?

A

anxiety, mood disorders, and schizophrenia

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18
Q

what metabolizes/inactivates/inhibits serotonin?

A

MAO

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19
Q

where is serotonin made?

A

it is made in the gut, especially when someone eats tryptophan

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20
Q

what is the abbreviation for serotonin?

A

S or 5-HT

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21
Q

what neurotransmitter is involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions?

A

histamine

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22
Q

what role does histamine have in the CNS?

A

wakefulness/alertness
cause weight gain
sedation
hypotension

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23
Q

what metabolizes/inactivates/inhibits histamine?

A

MAO

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24
Q

what happens if a persons dopamine levels are too high?

A

it can cause the person to perform in risky behaviors

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25
Q

what is the abbreviation of histamine?

A

H

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26
Q

what are examples of a neurotransmitter that is an amino acid?

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid
glutamate

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27
Q

what is the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid?

A

it is inhibitory; prevents postsynaptic excitation
it slows the body down, where it reduce aggression and anxiety

28
Q

how do anti-anxiety medications work?

A

enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid

29
Q

what catabolizes gamma-aminobutyric acid?

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminasew

30
Q

what is the abbreviation for gamma-aminobutyric acid?

A

GABA

31
Q

what is the function of glutamate?

A

it is excitatory; it relays sensory info; learning memory

32
Q

what is the abbreviation for glutamate?

A

NMDA

33
Q

what are examples of neurotransmitters that are neuropeptides?

A

endorphins and enkephalins
substance P
somatostatin

34
Q

what is the role of endorphins and enkephalins?

A

pain
peristalsis

35
Q

what alters the release of dopamine, which may cause a link to schizophrenia?

A

endorphins and enkephalins

36
Q

what is the role of substance P?

A

pain
sensory transmission

37
Q

what neurotransmitter is a growth hormone?

A

somatostatin

38
Q

what is the role of somatostatin?

A

depending on where it is released in the brain causes it either to stimulate or inhibit

it stimulates the release of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine
it inhibits the release of norepinephrine, histamine, glutamate
neuromodulates serotonin

39
Q

what does psychopharmacology relieve?

A

physical and behavioral symptoms

40
Q

what does psychopharmacology NOT relieve?

A

it does NOT resolve emotional problems

41
Q

what is the abbreviation RI stand for?

A

reuptake inhibitor

42
Q

what is the abbreviation RE stand for?

A

reuptake enhancer

43
Q

what does SSRI stand for?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

44
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

blocks the re-uptake of serotonin

45
Q

what does SDA stand for?

A

serotonin dopamine antagonist

46
Q

what is an example of an SSRI?

A

Prozac (fluoxetine)

47
Q

what is an example of SDA?

A

Seroquel (quetiapine)

48
Q

what does SNRI stand for?

A

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

49
Q

what is an example of SNRI?

A

Cymbalta (venlafaxine)

50
Q

what does DRI stand for?

A

dopamine reuptake inhibitor

51
Q

what is an example of DRI?

A

Provigil (modafinil)

52
Q

what does SPARI stand for?

A

serotonin partial agonist/reuptake inhibitors

53
Q

what is an example of SPARI?

A

Viibryd (vilazodone)

54
Q

what hormones are secreted in the pituitary gland?

A

vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin
cortisol
growth hormone
melatonin
thyroid stimulating hormone

55
Q

what causes an alteration in secretion?

A

vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone

56
Q

what hormone is released in response to stress?

A

oxytocin and adrenocoticotropic

57
Q

what is linked to anoreixa nervosa?

A

growth hormone

58
Q

what is released at onset of darkness suppressed by light?

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

59
Q

what are some of the symptoms of an elevated TSH?

A

insomnia
irritability
anxiety
restlessness
weight loss
labile
delirium/psychosis

60
Q

what are some of the symptoms of a decreased TSH?

A

fatigue
decreased libido
memory impairment
depression
SI

61
Q

what is GeneSight Pscyhotropic?

A

test analyzes genes that affect response to antidepressant, antipsychotic, ADHD, and pain meds

62
Q

what can a PET scan measure?

A

it can measure neurotransmitters

63
Q

what can a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) scan measure?

A

it can measure the amount of neurotransmitters in CSF

64
Q

what does an MRI show with a patient with schizophrenia?

A

ventricles are enlarged

65
Q

what is psychoimmunology?

A

more susceptible to physical illness following exposure to stress or life event

66
Q

what are the components of a cognitive behavior therapy?

A

changes the way person thinks to improve their mood

Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (13 decks)

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