Schizophrenia & Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
Average onset of schizophrenia is in the late _____.
Onset is generally _______.
teens
insidious
What is Dementia Praecox?
** premature deteriorating disorder**
differentiated manic-depressive illness from progressive illness (Emil Kraeplin)
What was Eugen Bleuler’s definition of “The Schizophrenias”?
“The group of schizophrenias” have in common a split among **affect, thought, emotion & behavior **
What are Eugen Blueler’s “4 A’s” of Schizophrenia?
- Associations
- Affect
- Autism
- Ambivalence
What are the “First-Rank Symptoms” of Schizophrenia as defined by Kurt Schneider?
- Thought broadcasting
- Thought withdrawal
- Voices arguing or commenting
- Somatic passivity
Symptomatology of Schizophrenia (DSM IV)
What are the 6 components?
- Characteristic symptoms
- Social/Occupational Dysfunction
- Duration
- Schizoaffective & Mood Disorder exclusion
- Substance/general medical condition exclusion
- Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder
What are the characteristic symptoms of Schizophrenia?
2 or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech (frequent derailment or incoherence)
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia or avolition)
What is the definition of social/occupation dysfunction in Schizophrenia?
For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset
What is the requirement for duration of symptoms in Schizophrenia?
- Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 mo
- This 6 mo period must include at least 1 mo of symptoms that meet criterion A & may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms
- During these prodromal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or 2 or more symptoms listed in criterion A present in an attenuated form
Schizoaffective & Mood Disorder exclusion
No major _________, _____ or _____ episodes have occurred concurrently w/ the active-phase symptoms
depressive
manic
mixed
If there is a history of __________ or another ________ __________ disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a month ** **
autistic disorder
pervasive developmental
Definitions
- Positive Symptoms
- Negative Symptoms
- Cognitive Symptoms
-
Positive symptoms
- Delusions, hallucinations, behavioral disturbance
-
Negative symptoms
- Social isolation, withdrawal, poor grooming, anergy, loss of interest, blunted affect
-
Cognitive symptoms
- Impaired abstract thinking, impaired problem-solving, disturbed memory
What are the 5 historical classifications of Schizophrenia? (DSM IV)
- Catatonic
- Disorganized
- Paranoid
- Residual
- Undifferentiated
What are the 4 theories of the etiology of Schizophrenia?
-
Genetic predisposition important
- Shown in twin studies
-
Anatomic changes present
- Enlarged lateral ventricles
- Increased width of 3rd ventricle
- Sulcal enlargement
-
Physiologic changes present
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex poorly activated
- Thalamus & cerebellum possibly involved
-
Biochemical factors involved
- Dopamine D2 receptors blocked by all anti-psychotics
What are these PET scans demonstrating in relation to Schizophrenia?
- PET scans from identical (monozygotic) twins who are discordant for schizophrenia (only 1 has disorder)
- Demonstrates that individuals w/ schizophrenia have reduced brain activity in the frontal lobes
Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders
