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Psychology Studies > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Diagnoses/classification of schizophrenia (inter-rater reliability) against

A

CHENIAUX

  • 1 psychiatrist made 2x as many diagnoses (70 vs 37) due to dif interpretations of manual.
  • Differences in opinions of serve tofu of delusions made difference.
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2
Q

Diagnoses/classification of schizophrenia (diagnostic congruence between manuals) against

A

CHENIAUX

  • Nearly 2x as many diagnosis with ICD than DSM due to different criteria.
  • Differences in symptoms required and duration - 1 negative symptom and continuous disturbance for 6 months needed in DSM-5.
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3
Q

Diagnoses/classification of schizophrenia (co-morbidity) against

A

BUCKLEY

Of those with schizophrenia:

  • 50% had depression
  • 47% had substance abuse
  • 29% had PTSD
  • 23% had OCD
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4
Q

Family dysfunction support

A

READ - general

Reviewed 46 studies of child abuse and schizophrenia 69% of female inpatients physically/sexually abused in childhood

KAVANAGH - EE

Mean relapse rate for those returning to high EE families 48% vs 21% for low.

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5
Q

Dysfunctional information processing support

A

STIRLING

  • Compared 30 schizophrenics with 18 controls on range of cognitive tasks.
  • In Stroop test had to suppress impulse to read word and say colour instead (= central control).
  • Schizophrenics took twice as long
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6
Q

Genetic basis support

A

GOTTESMAN

Genetic similarity related to increased concordance rate:

  • 48% MZs
  • 17% DZs
  • 13% children
  • 9% siblings
  • 6% parents

TIENARI

  • Adoption study of 19,000 children and mothers.
  • Those with schizophrenic biological mother at higher risk (7.6%) than controls (1.5%) when in non-schizophrenic adoptive families.
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7
Q

Neural correlates (negative symptoms) support

A

JUCKEL

  • Participants unmedicated.
  • Lower activity in ventral striatum when presented with reward indicating cues.
  • Negative correlation between activity and severity of symptoms.
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8
Q

Neural correlates (positive symptoms) support

A

ALLEN

  • Compared brains of those experiencing auditory hallucinations and control.
  • Hallucinations group made more errors in distinguishing their own voice from others’ in recording.
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9
Q

Drug therapy (typical) support

A

THORNLEY

Procedure:

  • Reviewed studies comparing chlorpromazine and placebo.
  • 13 trials, 1121 patients overall.

Findings:

  • Chlorpromazine groups showed improved symptoms and better functioning.
  • Data from 512 patients showed reduced relapse.
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10
Q

Drug therapy (atypical) support

A

MELTZER

  • Review showed clozapine more effective than chlorpromazine and other atypical antipsychotics.
  • Effective in 30-50% of cases where typical antipsychotics haven’t been.
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11
Q

CBT support

A

JAUHAUR

Meta-analysis of data from randomised trials.
-0.33 in 34 studies on overall symptoms
-0.25 in 33 studies on positive symptoms
-0.13 in 34 studies on negative symptoms.
Significant but small effect.

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12
Q

Family therapy support

A

PHAROAH

  • Review evidence for effectiveness of family therapy in 53 randomly allocated (Chinese weren’t) trials.
  • Moderate evidence for:
    Decreased hospital admission over a year.
    Decreased frequency of relapse.
    Increased compliance with medication.
    Improved levels of social impairment and levels of EE.
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13
Q

Token economies support

A

MCMONAGLE AND SULTANA

  • Reviewed evidence for effectiveness of token economies in 3 randomly allocated trials with a total of 110 participants.
  • Only 1 of the 3 studies showed improvement in symptoms.
  • None useful information about behaviour change.
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14
Q

Diathesis-stress support

A

TIENARI

Procedure:

  • Followed up 19,000 adoptees with schizophrenic biological mothers.
  • Compared to control group of adopted children with no genetic risk.
  • Adoptive parents assessed for child-rearing styles.

Findings:

  • Parenting styles of high levels of criticism and conflict and low levels of empathy associated with increased risk for children with high genetic risk.
  • Low genetic risk and low c/c family = 3.5%
  • Low genetic risk and high c/c family = 7%
  • High genetic risk and low c/c family = 7.5%
  • High genetic risk and high c/c family = 34%
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15
Q

Combination therapy support

A

TARRIER

  • 315 patients randomly allocated to medication/CBT, medication/counselling or medication alone (control).
  • Patients in combination groups experienced more symptom improvement than control.
  • No difference in hospital readmission.
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Psychology Studies (11 decks)

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