Schizophrenia Flashcards
_____________ is a mental disorder characterized by delusions, false beliefs, hallucinations of sight or sound, odd behavior, and language disturbances, but retention of normal memory and cognition.
Schizophrenia
(Auditory/Visual) hallucinations are most common in schizophrenia.
Auditory
Fabricated or invented words that hold special meaning to the creator are termed ______________.
Neologisms
The meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words is known as ___________.
Echolalia
A(n) _____________ is a fixed, false, idiosyncratic belief.
Delusion
______________ are perceptions without an existing external stimulus.
Hallucinations
A(n) _____________ is a misperception of an actual external stimulus.
Illusion
Schizophrenia affects about __-__% of the population worldwide.
0.5-1%
Schizophrenia typically has an onset between the ages of __-__ in males.
15-25
Schizophrenia typically has an onset between the ages of __-__ in females.
20-30
What are the most common conditions that result in a good prognosis for schizophrenia patients?
- Doing well before illness
- Abrupt onset
- Late onset (early onset is much worse)
- Prominent confusion
- Family history of mood disorder
- Good support system
- Married status
- Positive symptoms (instead of negative symptoms)
What are the most common conditions that result in a bad prognosis for schizophrenia patients?
- Gradual, slow onset
- Withdrawn, odd before illness
- Early onset
- Family history of psychosis/schizophrenia
- Poor premorbid functioning
- Negative symptoms
- Single/divorced/widowed status
- Poor support system
Increased (maternal/paternal) age increases the risk for development of schizophrenia.
Paternal
If one parent has schizophrenia, the children of that couple have a __% chance of developing the condition.
10%
If both parents have schizophrenia, the children of that couple have a __% chance of developing the condition.
50%
(Heroin/Cocaine/Cannabis) may increase the risk of schizophrenia.
Cannabis
In patients with schizophrenia, there is (increased/decreased) ventricle size in the brain.
Increased
In patients with schizophrenia, the thalamus is (enlarged/shrunken).
Shrunken
Imaging of the frontal lobe in patients afflicted with schizophrenia reveals (increased/decreased) cortical volume and (increased/decreased) activity in the frontal lobes.
Decreased and decreased
What is the abnormality shown in the following image?
Enlarged ventricles of the brain.
One of the primary pathologies concerning schizophrenia is the dysregulation and imbalance of dopamine in the brain. Most often, this dysregulation results in frontal lobe (hyperactivity/hypoactivity) and limbic system (hyperactivity/hypoactivity).
- Frontal lobe hypoactivity
- Limbic system hyperactivity
What is necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Two or more of the following, each active for at least one month. At least one of these symptoms must be 1, 2, or 3 from the list.
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganized speech (grossly bizarre language)
- Catatonia or grossly disorganized behavior
- Negative symptoms: affective flattening (decrease in emotion), alogia (absence of additional, unprompted speech), avolition (lack of drive)
These symptoms must persist for six months.
___________________ is a disorder consisting of schizophrenic symptoms as well as prominent mood syndromes typical of bipolar disorder, such as manic or depressive episodes.
Schizoaffective disorder
What are the three diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder according to DSM V?
- An uninterrupted period of illness in which there is a major mood episode (manic or major depressive) concurrent with schizophrenia.
- Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode.
- Symptoms that meet the criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of illness.
