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BB Test 3 > Depressive Disorder > Flashcards

Depressive Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

On average, __% of people with mental conditions also have a medical condition.

A

68%

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2
Q

On average, __% of people with medical conditions also have a mental condition.

A

29%

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3
Q

A pervasive, sustained feeling tone that is largely an internal experience and influences one’s behavior and perception is referred to as a(n) (mood/affect).

A

Mood

A mood is akin to an area’s “climate”. It is unseen and affects the area’s external changes.

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4
Q

The external expression of a sustained feeling tone that may be observed is referred to as a(n) (mood/affect).

A

Affect

An affect is comparable to an area’s weather. Weather is largely affected by a region’s climate. An affect is what one’s mood brings about. It is observable by those around the patient experiencing a bad mood.

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5
Q

Nearly all depressed patients have considerable _____________.

A

Anxiety

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6
Q

On average, depression encompasses ___% of total DALYs caused by disease.

A

4.3

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7
Q

________________ has the highest lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder.

A

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

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8
Q

The typical onset for MDD is between __-__ years of age.

A

20-40

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9
Q

The rate of concordance among monozygotic twins experiencing MDD is __-__%.

A

40-50%

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10
Q

The rate of concordance among dizygotic twins experiencing MDD is __-__%.

A

10-25%

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11
Q

What are some of the common risk factors for depression?

A
  • Family history
  • Stressful life events
  • History of anxiety
  • Postpartum period
  • Female gender
  • Older age
  • Lack of social support
  • Single
  • Divorced/Widowed
  • Substance abuse
  • Chronic pain
  • Medical comorbidities
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12
Q

The medical condition with the highest incidence of depression as a comorbidity is ____________.

A

Stroke

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13
Q

What are some of the common risk factors for completed suicide?

A
  • Male gender
  • Over age 45
  • Caucasian
  • Divorced/widowed/separated
  • Substance use disorders
  • Previous suicide attempts
  • Chronic pain
  • Medical illness
  • Psychotic symptoms
  • Unemployed
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14
Q

Often times, _______________________ serves as the highest risk factor of depression.

A

Losing a parent as a child

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15
Q

The prefrontal cortex is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Goal directed behavior

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16
Q

The amydala is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Emotional stimuli

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17
Q

The anterior cingulate cortex is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Attention and emotional arousal

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18
Q

The hippocampus is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Emotional learning

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19
Q

Increased cortisol results in feedback inhibition of the _____________ and _____________.

A

Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

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20
Q

Increased cortisol levels cause a shrunken ______________.

A

Hippocampus

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21
Q

Genetic mutations in what three proteins result in increased risk of depression?

A
  • 5HTT (Serotonin transporter) - Serotonin transport
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - Protects cells from apoptosis in nervous tissue
  • Tryptophan hydroxylase - Serotonin production
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22
Q

The (psychodynamic/cognitive/behavioral) theory of depression is marked by depressogenic schemata with cognitive distortions accompanied by a negative view of one’s self, the world, and the future.

A

Cognitive

23
Q

The (psychodynamic/cognitive/behavioral) theory of depression is marked by learned helplessness.

A

Behavioral

24
Q

A depressive disorder present for two years or longer is referred to as _________________.

A

Dysthymia

25
Q

What are the two essential symptoms important in the diagnosis of depression?

A
  • Mood changes (may present as irritability)
  • Anhedonism
26
Q

_____________ is the condition in which a patient no longer enjoys things they once did.

A

Anhedonism

27
Q

What useful mnemonic exists for the diagnosis of depression?

A

SIG E CAPS

  • S: Sleep (changes in)
  • I: Interest (loss of)
  • G Guilt (helplessness)
  • E: Energy (lack of)
  • C: Concentration
  • A: Appetite
  • P: Psychomotor (slowing or agitation)
  • S: Suicidal ideation
28
Q

A depressed patient’s speech displays (increased/decreased) rate and volume.

A

Decreased

29
Q

Approximately __% of depressed patients deny any depressive changes to their mood.

A

50%

30
Q

The intensely painful state in response to the loss of a loved one is the normal process of _________________.

A

Grief and bereavement

31
Q

The typical onset of postpartum depression is __-__ months.

A

3-6 months

32
Q

Postpartum depression typically lasts _______________.

A

Months to years

33
Q

(T/F) Anhedonia does not accompany postpartum depression.

A

False. Anhedonia is often observed in post partum depression.

34
Q

Patients suffering from postpartum depression (often/rarely) entertain thoughts of harming the newborn child.

A

Often

35
Q

(T/F) Pancreatic carcinomas and vitamin B12 deficiency are both associated with an increased risk of depression.

A

True.

36
Q

What types of medications or drugs may cause depression?

A
  • Antihypertensives
  • Interferon
  • Opioids
  • Steroids
  • CNS depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, clonidine)
37
Q

(T/F) Late onset of depression is less suggestive of a medical cause.

A

False. Late onset of depression is more suggestive of a medical cause.

38
Q

If a transmitter depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, it is said to be (excitatory/inhibitory).

A

Excitatory

39
Q

If a transmitter hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, it is said to be (excitatory/inhibitory).

A

Inhibitory

40
Q

Whether a transmitter is excitatory or inhibitory is dependent upon its ____________.

A

Receptor

41
Q

All serotonin pathways in the CNS originate in the ____________.

A

Raphe nuclei

42
Q

All noradrenaline pathways in the CNS originate in the ____________.

A

Locus ceruleus

43
Q

All dopamine pathways in the CNS originate in the ____________.

A

Substantia nigra

44
Q

(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for energy and interest.

A

Norepinephrine

45
Q

(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for impulse.

A

Serotonin

46
Q

(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for drive.

A

Dopamine

47
Q

A lack of _____________ has been associated with violent suicides.

A

Serotonin

48
Q

What is the sub-type of depressive disorder with delusions & hallucinations (may be mood congruent or NOT)?

A

Depression with psychotic features

49
Q

What is the sub-type of depression with mutism, immobility, or motor overactivity, posturing, or echolalia?

A

Depression with catatonia

50
Q

What is the sub-type of depressive disorder with increased appetite, increased sleep, or heaviness in arms or legs?

A

Depression with Atypical features

  • May be a sign of bipolar disorder
51
Q

What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that is worse in the morning, or associated with waking up early, loss of pleasure or reactivity?

A

Depression with Melancholic features (Classic description of depression)

52
Q

What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that onsets during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery?

A

Depression with Peripartum Onset

53
Q

What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that has a regular temporal relationship between onset and particular time of the year?

A

Depresssion with Seasonal Pattern (not necessarily winter)

BB Test 3 (26 decks)

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