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BB Test 3 > Depressive Disorder > Flashcards

Depressive Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

On average, __% of people with mental conditions also have a medical condition.

A

68%

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2
Q

On average, __% of people with medical conditions also have a mental condition.

A

29%

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3
Q

A pervasive, sustained feeling tone that is largely an internal experience and influences one’s behavior and perception is referred to as a(n) (mood/affect).

A

Mood

A mood is akin to an area’s “climate”. It is unseen and affects the area’s external changes.

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4
Q

The external expression of a sustained feeling tone that may be observed is referred to as a(n) (mood/affect).

A

Affect

An affect is comparable to an area’s weather. Weather is largely affected by a region’s climate. An affect is what one’s mood brings about. It is observable by those around the patient experiencing a bad mood.

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5
Q

Nearly all depressed patients have considerable _____________.

A

Anxiety

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6
Q

On average, depression encompasses ___% of total DALYs caused by disease.

A

4.3

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7
Q

________________ has the highest lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder.

A

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

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8
Q

The typical onset for MDD is between __-__ years of age.

A

20-40

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9
Q

The rate of concordance among monozygotic twins experiencing MDD is __-__%.

A

40-50%

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10
Q

The rate of concordance among dizygotic twins experiencing MDD is __-__%.

A

10-25%

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11
Q

What are some of the common risk factors for depression?

A
  • Family history
  • Stressful life events
  • History of anxiety
  • Postpartum period
  • Female gender
  • Older age
  • Lack of social support
  • Single
  • Divorced/Widowed
  • Substance abuse
  • Chronic pain
  • Medical comorbidities
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12
Q

The medical condition with the highest incidence of depression as a comorbidity is ____________.

A

Stroke

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13
Q

What are some of the common risk factors for completed suicide?

A
  • Male gender
  • Over age 45
  • Caucasian
  • Divorced/widowed/separated
  • Substance use disorders
  • Previous suicide attempts
  • Chronic pain
  • Medical illness
  • Psychotic symptoms
  • Unemployed
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14
Q

Often times, _______________________ serves as the highest risk factor of depression.

A

Losing a parent as a child

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15
Q

The prefrontal cortex is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Goal directed behavior

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16
Q

The amydala is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Emotional stimuli

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17
Q

The anterior cingulate cortex is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Attention and emotional arousal

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18
Q

The hippocampus is associated with (goal directed behavior/attention and emotional arousal/emotional learning/emotional stimuli).

A

Emotional learning

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19
Q

Increased cortisol results in feedback inhibition of the _____________ and _____________.

A

Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

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20
Q

Increased cortisol levels cause a shrunken ______________.

A

Hippocampus

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21
Q

Genetic mutations in what three proteins result in increased risk of depression?

A
  • 5HTT (Serotonin transporter) - Serotonin transport
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - Protects cells from apoptosis in nervous tissue
  • Tryptophan hydroxylase - Serotonin production
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22
Q

The (psychodynamic/cognitive/behavioral) theory of depression is marked by depressogenic schemata with cognitive distortions accompanied by a negative view of one’s self, the world, and the future.

23
Q

The (psychodynamic/cognitive/behavioral) theory of depression is marked by learned helplessness.

A

Behavioral

24
Q

A depressive disorder present for two years or longer is referred to as _________________.

25
What are the two essential symptoms important in the diagnosis of depression?
* Mood changes (may present as irritability) * Anhedonism
26
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the condition in which a patient no longer enjoys things they once did.
Anhedonism
27
What useful mnemonic exists for the diagnosis of depression?
**SIG E CAPS** * **S:** Sleep (changes in) * **I:** Interest (loss of) * **G** Guilt (helplessness) * **E:** Energy (lack of) * **C:** Concentration * **A:** Appetite * **P:** Psychomotor (slowing or agitation) * **S:** Suicidal ideation
28
A depressed patient's speech displays (increased/decreased) rate and volume.
Decreased
29
Approximately \_\_% of depressed patients deny any depressive changes to their mood.
50%
30
The intensely painful state in response to the loss of a loved one is the normal process of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Grief and bereavement
31
The typical onset of postpartum depression is \_\_-\_\_ months.
3-6 months
32
Postpartum depression typically lasts \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Months to years
33
(T/F) Anhedonia does not accompany postpartum depression.
False. **Anhedonia** is often observed in **post partum depression.**
34
Patients suffering from postpartum depression (often/rarely) entertain thoughts of harming the newborn child.
Often
35
(T/F) Pancreatic carcinomas and vitamin B12 deficiency are both associated with an increased risk of depression.
True.
36
What types of medications or drugs may cause depression?
* Antihypertensives * Interferon * Opioids * Steroids * CNS depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, clonidine)
37
(T/F) Late onset of depression is less suggestive of a medical cause.
False. Late onset of depression is **more** suggestive of a medical cause.
38
If a transmitter depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, it is said to be (excitatory/inhibitory).
Excitatory
39
If a transmitter hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, it is said to be (excitatory/inhibitory).
Inhibitory
40
Whether a transmitter is excitatory or inhibitory is dependent upon its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Receptor
41
All serotonin pathways in the CNS originate in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Raphe nuclei
42
All noradrenaline pathways in the CNS originate in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Locus ceruleus
43
All dopamine pathways in the CNS originate in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Substantia nigra
44
(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for energy and interest.
Norepinephrine
45
(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for impulse.
Serotonin
46
(Norepinephrine/Dopamine/Serotonin) is important for drive.
Dopamine
47
A lack of _____________ has been associated with violent suicides.
Serotonin
48
What is the sub-type of depressive disorder with **delusions** & **hallucinations** (may be mood congruent or NOT)?
Depression with **psychotic features**
49
What is the sub-type of depression with **mutism**, **immobility**, or **motor overactivity**, **posturing,** or **echolalia**?
Depression with **catatonia**
50
What is the sub-type of depressive disorder with **increased appetite**, **increased sleep**, **or heaviness in arms or legs**?
Depression with **Atypical features** * May be a **sign** of **bipolar** disorder
51
What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that is **worse in the morning**, or associated with **waking up early**, **loss of pleasure** or **reactivity**?
Depression with **Melancholic features** (Classic description of depression)
52
What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that **onsets** during **pregnancy** or in the **4 weeks following delivery**?
Depression with **Peripartum Onset**
53
What is the sub-type of depressive disorder that has a **regular temporal relationship** between **onset and particular time of the year**?
Depresssion with **Seasonal Pattern** (not necessarily winter)

BB Test 3 (26 decks)

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