Schermerhorn Chapter 2- Learning Management (Past and Present)

Question 1

Name the 3 Classical approaches to management

Answer 1

Scientific Management
Administrative principles
Bureaucratic principles

Question 2

What were some of the principles of scientific management?

Answer 2

• Develop rules of motion
• Standardize work elements
• Train and select workers carefully

Question 3

What were some of the principles of Administrative management?

Answer 3

• Foresight: Complete work plan for future
• Organization: provide and mobilize resources to implement plan
• Command/coordinate/control
• Scalar Chain: clear/unbroken line of communication from top to bottom
• Unity of Command: Each person receives orders from 1 boss
• Unity of direction;one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective

Question 4

What were some of the principles of Bureaucratic management?

Answer 4

Principles of logic, order, legitimate authority

Bureaucracy•An ideal, intentionally rational, and very efficient form of organization

Question 5

What are possible disadvantages of bureaucracy?

Answer 5

Excessive paperwork or “red tape”•Slowness in handling problems•Rigidity in the face of shifting needs•Resistance to change•Employee apathy

Question 6

Name some of the approaches of Behavioral Management (HR) Approaches

Answer 6

Follett: "organizations as communities"
Hawthorne studies
Maslows theories of human needs
McGregors Theory X and Theory Y
Argyris's theory of adult personality

Question 7

What was the conclusion of the Hawthorne studies?

Answer 7

Purpose was to investigate economic incentives and physical conditions effect on worker output. No relationship found.

-> Psychological factors were found to influence results
(Productivity up with group atmosphere and participatory supervision)

Question 8

What is Maslows hierarchy of needs?

What are the associated principles?

Answer 8

From most fundamental to most fulfilling:

Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-Actualization

Deficit principle:
A satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour

Progression principle:
A need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower level need is satisfied

Question 9

What are McGregors Theories X and Y?

What are their implications?

Answer 9

Theory X assumed that workers:

• dislike work
• lack ambition
• are irresponsible
• resist change
• prefer to be led

Theory Y assumes workers:

• are willing to work
• are capable of self control
• are imaginative and creative
• are capable of self direction

Principle: Managers create self-fulfilling prophecies!!
Theory X managers create X workers
Y managers create Y workers

Question 10

What is Argyris’ Theory of the adult personality?

Answer 10

• Classical principles inhibit worker maturation, are inconsistent with adult personality.
• Managers should increase task responsibility, task variety, use participative decision making

Question 11

What are 5 branches of management science/ Operations Research?

Answer 11

• Mathematical forecasting
• Inventory modeling
• Linear programming
• Queuing theory
• Network models

Question 12

How can an organization go about knowledge management?

Answer 12

Process of using information technology to achieve performance success. Portfolio of intellectual assets include patents, intellectual property rights, trade secrets, and accumulated knowledge of the entire workforce

Question 13

What are three ways an organization should be oriented to succeed?

Answer 13

People oriented
Team oriented
Information oriented
Achievement oriented
Learning oriented

Question 14

Name some examples of Evidence-Based Management

Answer 14

Employment Security
Selective Hiring
Self-managing Teams
High Pay Based on Merit
Training and Development
Reduced status distinctions
Shared information