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Anatomy of Dentistry Semester 2 > Scalp, Dipole & Meninges > Flashcards

Scalp, Dipole & Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Name the posterior margins of the scalp

A

Supraorbital margins back to the superior nuchal line

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2
Q

Name the lateral margins of the scalp

A

Extends down into the temporal fossa

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3
Q

What is the dipole?

A

The spongy bone between the outer and inner tables of skull bones

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4
Q

What is the origin of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Four bellies, two occipital bellies arise from the highest nuchal line , and two frontal bellies are attached to the skin of the eyebrows

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5
Q

Where do the 4 bellies of the Occipitofrontalis muscle meet?

A

The epicranial aponeurosis

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Facial Nerve

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7
Q

What is the action of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Moves the scalp ,wrinkle the forehead and elevate the eyebrows

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8
Q

Name the layers of the scalp

A

Skin, Connective tissue (subcutaneous), Aponeurosis, Loose areole tissue, Pericranium (periosteum)

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9
Q

What does the skin of the scalp contain?

A

Hair follicles, sweat and sebacous glands

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10
Q

What does the connective tissue of the scalp contain?

A

Nerves and blood vessels This layer is also anchored to the layer above and below. Layer anchored to the skin & aponeurosis

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11
Q

What happens if the blood vessels in the CT of the scalp are injured?

A

Bleeds profusely if injured as the arterial walls here cannot retract

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12
Q

What is the role of the loose areolar tissue?

A

Allows movement of the above three layers as one unit on skull

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13
Q

What is the pericranium anchored to?

A

Bone

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14
Q

Where does scalp detachment occur?

A

The loose areolar tissue, the 4th plane. Infections and bleeding in this layer spread readily.

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15
Q

What is the aponeurosis?

A

An intermediate tendon for the bellies of occipitofrontalis - wounds will gap because of the pull of the bellies in opposite direction= sutures mandatory
The 1st 3 layers are connected and move as one unit and remain together when scalp is torn off during accidents.

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16
Q

Why will wounds gap in the aponeurosis?

A

Because of the pull of the bellies in opposite direction, however sutures are mandatory

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17
Q

What 3 layers of the scalp are connected?

A

The first 3: Skin, CT & Aponeurosis. They remain together when the scalp is torn off during accidents.

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18
Q

What is the danger area of the scalp and why?

A

The loose CT layer (layer 4)

Pus and blood spread easily in it

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19
Q

Why can pus or blood enter the eyelids?

A

Occipitofrontalis inserts into the skin and does not attach to the bone

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20
Q

How to black eyes occur?

A

Slight injury/inflammation result in accumulation of fluid causing the eyelids to swell. Therefore, black eyes can result from injury to scalp or forehead. the trauma its caused to eye but to head/forehead and the blood travels down due to gravity

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21
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers that surround the brain? (From outermost to innermost )

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

22
Q

Where is the arachnoid mater located?

A

Deep in the dura mater

23
Q

Where is the Pia mater located?

A

Deep to the arachnoid mater

24
Q

Where is the dura mater located?

A

Outer layer of the meningeal layer

25
Q

What are the two divisions of the dura mater?

A

Outer periosteal

Inner meningeal

26
Q

Describe the Pia mater

A

Follows contour of the cerebrum & is highly vascular mater

27
Q

Describe the Arachnoid Mater

A

Subarachnoid space lies below it

28
Q

What causes inflammation of the meninges?

A

Caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections

29
Q

What causes meningoencephalitis?

A

When meningitis is not treated correctly, Infective toxins may not only inflame the meninges but the underlying brain as well resulting in meningoencephalitis (result if meningitis is not initially treated correctly).

30
Q

What is a symptom of meningoencephalitis?

A

Stiffness in the neck

31
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

Maxillary artery

32
Q

What is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of?

A

External carotid artery

33
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

Dura mater, inner table of bone and diploe of cranial vault

34
Q

What does the Middle Meningeal artery divide into?

A

An anterior and posterior branch

35
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery ascend on?

A

The internal aspect of the skull

36
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Region of meeting of frontal, parietal, squamous part of temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bones

37
Q

What causes a extradural hemorrhage in the skull

A

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery or one of its branches

38
Q

What nerve plays the role of motor action?

A

Facial Nerve

39
Q

What nerve plays the role of sensory action?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

40
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic Nerve, Maxiallry Nerve, Mandibular Nerve

41
Q

What nerve supplies the chin?

A

Mental nerve

42
Q

What is the innervation on the right side of the scalp, anterior to the ear (trigeminal nerve)?

A

Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

43
Q

What is the innervation of the right side of the scalp, posterior to the ear (spinal nerve)?

A

Lesser occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
Third occipital nerve

44
Q

What is the innervation of the left side of the scalp, posterior to the ear (cervical spinal nerve)?

A

Lesser occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
Third occipital nerve

45
Q

What is the innervation of the left side of the scalp, anterior to the ear (trigeminal nerve)?

A

Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

46
Q

What is the arterial supply to the scalp, anterior to ear (Ophthalmic artery)?

A

Supratrochlear artery

Supraorbital artery

47
Q

What is the Ophthalmic artery a branch of?

A

Internal carotid artery

48
Q

What is the arterial supply to the scalp, posterior to ear (External carotid artery)?

A

Post auricular artery

Occipital artery

49
Q

What is the main nerve that supply’s the left side of the scalp, anterior to the ear?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

50
Q

What is the main nerve that supply’s the left side of the scalp, posterior to the ear?

A

Cervical Spinal Nerve

51
Q

What is the main nerve that supply’s the right side of the scalp, anterior to the ear?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

52
Q

What is the main nerve that supply’s the right side of the scalp, posterior to the ear?

A

Spinal Nerve

Anatomy of Dentistry Semester 2 (7 decks)

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