CSF and Functional areas of the Brain Flashcards
Name the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
State the location of the frontal lobe
It lies in front of the central sulcus
What does the Frontal Lobe contain?
- Motor area which controls the movement of the opposite half of of the body.
- Broca’s area control speech and it is present in the left hemisphere of the right-handed person
What function is the pre-central gyrus responsible for?
Motor area i.e. control movement of opposite side
State the area (number) of the brain responsible for the motor motion
4
What function is the inferior frontal gyrus responsible for?
Motor speech
State the area (number) of the brain responsible for the motor speech
44 & 45
State the location of the Parietal lobe
It lies behind the central sulcus
What does the Parietal Lobe contain?
It contains the sensory area
State the area (number) of the brain responsible for the sensory function
3, 1 , 2
What function is the post-central gyrus responsible for?
Sensory function i.e. receive sensation from the opposite half of the body
State the location of the Temporal lobe
It lies below the lateral sulcus
State the area (number) of the brain responsible for the auditory function
41, 42
What function is the superior temporal gyrus responsible for?
Hearing/ Auditory Function
What does the Temporal Lobe contain?
Contains the auditory area
State the location of the Occipital lobe
It lies posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes
State the area (number) of the brain responsible for the visual function
17, 18, 19
What function is the occipital pole responsible for?
Vision
What does the Occipital Lobe contain?
Contains the visual area
State the area number of the premotor area
6
State the area number of the Brochas area
44
What does the Limbic/ Cingulate Lobe control?
Emotions
What does the apex of the brain control?
Upper part of lower limb i.e. hip joint
What does the medial area of the brain control?
The Medial & Lower parts of the lower limb
What does the left side of the brain control?
Sensory Function
What does the right side of the brain control?
Motor Function
What is the Basal Ganglia?
Collection of masses of grey matter situated within each cerebral hemisphere
List the 3 Basal Ganglia
1) Corpus striatum
2) Amygdaloid nucleus
3) Claustrum
What are the 2 divisions of the corpus striatum?
Caudate nucleus &lentiform nucleus
What is the treatment of Hydrocephalus? Describe it.
Ventriculoatrial shunt – allow CSF to escape and flow from the cerebral ventricular system to the right atrium of the heart and reduce the risk of brain damage. This only extends the number of years the baby will live i.e. die before 20.
What is Hydrocephalus?
Abnormal increase in the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid within the skull
What causes Hydrocephalus?
(1) Abnormal increase in the formation of the fluid
(2) Blockage of the circulation of the fluid
(3) Diminished absorption of the fluid.
List the two types of Hydrocephalus and describe them
Internal Hydrocephalus = Excessive CSF in the ventricles.
External Hydrocephalus = Accumulation of CSF in the subarachnoid space.
What happens when the CSF reaches the sub-arachnoid space?
It is drained/ reabsorbed
What makes up the 4th ventricle?
Space present in the hind brain
Where can CSF be found in the brain?
Circulating theventricular systemof the brain - found in the cavities
Where is CSF produced?
Majority is produced from within the twolateral ventricles
Describe the flow of CSF
- CSF passes through Interventricular foramina (of Monro)
- Third ventricle
- Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
- Fourth ventricle
- Fluid passes through three foramina to enter Subarachnoid space
- Through theForamen of Magendie on the midline
- Two Foramina of Luschka laterally
- Reabsorbed into the venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations
What covers brain and spinal cord?
Subarachnoid space
Where is the aqueduct found?
Between the 3rd & 4th Ventricle
State the function of the CSF
Protects brain and spinal cord from trauma.
Supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue.
Removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.
State the weight of the brain in and out of CSF
Brain weight about 1500 g but suspended in CSF 50 g
What is found in the Diencephalon?
Consistsofhypothalamus,thalamus,,metathalamus,
andepithalamus
State the two central canals/ narrow cavities of the brain
Midbrain (Aqueduct of Sylvius).
Central canal of spinal cord
Where are the 2 lateral ventricles found?
One in each cerebral hemisphere.
What is the third ventricle known as?
Cavity of diencephalon
What is the fourth ventricle known as?
Cavity of the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum)
Where is the interventricular foramen of Monro found?
Between the 3rd & 4th ventricle
How much CSF is roughly produced each day? How much is usually present at one time and why?
500 mL
It is constantly reabsorbed, so that only 100-160 mL is present at any one time.
How is CSF formed?
Ependymal cellsof thechoroid plexusproduce the CSF from arterial blood by a combined process of diffusion and active transfer.
Where is CSF formed?
In thefour ventriclesof the brain by thechoroid plexus (plexus of cells)
What does CSF have a similar composition to?
Plasma (no cells)
