Meninges & Venous Sinuses

Question 1

What does the falx cerebri enclose?

Answer 1

The superior sagittal sinus in its upper attached border and the inferior sagittal sinus in its lower free border

Question 2

Where is the falx cerebri located?

Answer 2

Between the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Question 3

Where does the falx cerebri run from?

Answer 3

The internal occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum

Question 4

What forms the Superior Sagittal Sinus? What does it occupy?

Answer 4

From several cerebral veins which drain the brain

Occupies the attached base of the falx cerebri

Question 5

State the location of the Superior Sagittal Sinus

Answer 5

Anterior to crista galli and ends posteriorly at the confluence of veins

Question 6

What are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 6

Small extensions of arachnoid matter that project through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 7

What is the role of arachnoid granulations?

Answer 7

Allow CSF to leak through from the superior sagittal sinus to the superior sagittal sinus

Question 8

Describe the route of the inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 8

Starts anteriorly in the region of crista galli and follows the inferior border of falx cerebri.
As it approaches the tentorium cerebelli, joins with the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus.

Question 9

Where does the Inferior Sagittal Sinus receive blood from?

Answer 9

From small cerebral veins

Question 10

What forms the straight sinus?

Answer 10

Joining of the inferior sagittal sinus & great cerebral vein

Question 11

Describe the route of the straight sinus

Answer 11

Internal occipital protuberance where it ends at the confluence of veins which leads to the left transverse sinus

Question 12

Where is the straight sinus found?

Answer 12

At the interval between the base of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 13

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Answer 13

Cranial Nerves 9,10, 11

Sigmoid sinus & Inferior petrosal sinus

Question 14

Where does the cavernous sinus receive blood from?

Answer 14

Superior and inferior opthalmic veins of the orbit, cerebral veins and the sphenoparietal sinus

Question 15

Where does the sphenoparietal sinus run ?

Answer 15

Under the lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 16

How is the cavernous sinus drained?

Answer 16

By the Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses on both sides

Question 17

Where does the cavernous sinus lie?

Answer 17

On the side of the side of the sella turcica

Question 18

Where does the abducent nerve lie?

Answer 18

Posterolateral to internal carotid artery

Question 19

Where do most of the nerves in the cavernous sinus lie?

Answer 19

In the lateral wall

Question 20

What causes a subdural hemorrhage?

Answer 20

Rupture of cerebral veins as they enter the superior sagittal sinus & creates pressure on the brain

Question 21

Where is the basilar sinus located?

Answer 21

Below the dura of the clivus

Question 22

Where does the basilar sinus receive blood from?

Answer 22

The cavernous sinus and inferior petrosal sinus

Question 23

Where does the basilar sinus drain to?

Answer 23

Drains to the vertebral plexus of veins through the foramen magnum

Question 24

Describe the route of the occipital sinus

Answer 24

Travels within the base of falx cerebelli down along the internal occipital crest. It passes along the foramen magnum and communicates with the vertebral plexus of veins

Question 25

What drains the cavernous sinus?

Answer 25

Superior & Inferior Petrosal sinuses

Question 26

What does the Superior petrosal sinus travel within?

Answer 26

The superior petrosal sulcus

Question 27

What does the Superior petrosal sinus empty into?

Answer 27

Sigmoid sinus

Question 28

What does the Inferior petrosal sinus empty into?

Answer 28

Internal Jugular Vein

Question 29

What does the Inferior petrosal sinus travel within?

Answer 29

The inferior petrosal sulcus

Question 30

Describe the route of the transverse sinus

Answer 30

The attached base of tentorium cerebelli from the confluence. As it approaches the petrous temporal ridge, it takes a deeper S-shaped course medially as the sigmoid sinus

Question 31

Is the Transverse sinus paired or single?

Answer 31

Paired

Question 32

Is the sigmoid sinus paired or single?

Answer 32

Paired

Question 33

Describe the route of the sigmoid sinus

Answer 33

Continues medially from the transverse sinus at the base of the petrous ridge & ends at the mouth of jugular foramen.

Question 34

Where does all the blood from the venous sinuses drain through?

Answer 34

Jugular foramina to the internal jugular vein

Question 35

What can infections in the dangerous area of the face lead to?

Answer 35

Cavernous sinus through ophthalmic vein and cause cavernous sinus thrombosis (clot)

Question 36

Where is the dangerous area of the face?

Answer 36

Mainly covers upper lip, nose & medial angle of eye

Question 37

What can result with as a complication with a boil to the face?

Answer 37

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

Question 38

What are the consequences of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

Answer 38

Fever, ptosis (drooping eye/ not able to open fully), proptosis (protrusion/buldging of eye) and ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of extraocular muscles due to dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI)

Question 39

How is a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis formed?

Answer 39

Boil drains through facial vein, via ophthalmic vein through cavernous sinus. Blood clot forms in the cavernous sinuses to try to prevent bacteria spreading, then results in Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis.