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Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck > Scalp and Skull > Flashcards

Scalp and Skull Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the scalp

A 
S: skin
C: connective tissue (dense CT)
A: Aponeurosis
L: loose connective CT
P: pericranium (periosteum of calvarium)
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2
Q

Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the scalp

A

Blood supply: From internal carotid (supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries of the opthalmic artery) and from external carotid (occipital and superficial temporal arteries)
Veins are similar to the arteries

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3
Q

Describe the innervation of the scalp

A

Cranial nerve 5 (V).. 3 parts; or dorsal rami C2,3

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4
Q

why is there profuse bleeding with scalp lacerations

A

because the connective tissue layer is richly vascularized and holds the vessels open, so that profuse bleeding occurs if it is cut

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5
Q

In what layer of the scalp do infections tend to localize and spread?

A

loose CT (since it is loose)

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6
Q

what is unique to the connective tissue layer of the scalp? (dense)

A

it has lots of blood vessels and nerves traversing through it (richly vascularized); it holds cut vessels open because the CT surrounds the vessels, resulting in profuse bleeding when cut

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7
Q

what does the aponeurosis layer of the scalp consist of?

A

frontalis muscle, occipitalis muscle, and the aponeurotic (flat) tendon between them

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8
Q

what is the function of the loose connective layer of the scalp?

A

facilitates the movement between the scalp proper (SCA top three layers) and the skull

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9
Q

what happens if pooling of blood occurs in the loose CT layer of the scalp?

A

localization of infection; injuries can cause pooling of blood and it may spread forward deep to the skin of the eyelids causing black eyes (since the loose CT to other loose CT)

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10
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

flat tendon (aponeurosis) on top of the skull that connects the occipitofrontalis muscle

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the forehead and the anterior scalp?

A

opthalamic division of CN V

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12
Q

what does the opthalamic division of CN V innervate?

A

sensory to the forehead and the anterior scalp

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13
Q

what does the maxillary division of CN V innervate?

A

sensory to the anterior temple area

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14
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior temple area?(sensory)

A

maxillary division of CN V

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15
Q

what does the mandibular division of CN V innervate?

A

sensory to the lateral temple area

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16
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral temple area? (sensory)

A

mandibular division of CN V

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17
Q

what nerves supply the scalp just posterior and superior to the ear? (sensory)

A

branches of the cervical plexus

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18
Q

what nerves supply the posterior scalp?

A

dorsal rami of CN 2 and CN 3

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19
Q

what arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and supply the scalp?

A

the supratrochlear and supraoribital arteries from the opthalamic artery

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20
Q

what arteries arise from the external carotid artery and supply the scalp?

A

occipital artery and superficial temporal artery

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21
Q

where does the lymph drainage of the scalp go?

A

to deep cervical nodes

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22
Q

what is the function of the skull?

A

to house and protect the brain and special sense organs (ear and eye); as attachments for muscles (ie: those in chewing and swallowing)

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23
Q

what does the skull consist of (which 2divisions/ bones):

A

cranium + mandible;

cranium = upper calvarium and lower facial skeleton

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24
Q

where is the calvarium?

A

surrounds the cranial cavity

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25
Q

what is the cranial cavity? (what does it contain?)

A

within the calvarium; contains the brain, meninges, blood vessels, dural sinuses, and parts of the cranial nerves

26
Q

what are sutures?

A

fibrous joints located where the skull (cranial) bones meed

27
Q

that is the pterion? what does it include?

A

point in the skull where the frontal, parietal, greater wing of the sphenoid, and temporal bones come together

28
Q

why is fracture at the pterion dangerous?

A

because the middle meningeal artery lies deep to it, and fracture to the pterion can result in an extradural (epidural) hematoma

29
Q

where is the lambda located?

A

at the intersection of the sagittal and lamboidal sutures

30
Q

what bones make up the roof of the cranial cavity?

A

the parietal, occipital and frontal bones

31
Q

is the palatine bone present in the orbit?

A

yes!

32
Q

what is the angle of the mandible defined by?

A

the intersection of the mandible ramus and mandible body

33
Q

what lies in the hypophyseal fossa?

A

the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland

34
Q

what are the anterior and posterior fontanelles?

A

spaces where the sutures haven’t fused yet in a fetus, they are covered by a membrane (soft spots of baby’s head)

35
Q

what does the anterior fontanelle give rise to? posterior fontanelle?

A 
anterior = bregma
posterior = lambda
36
Q

describe the course of the internal carotid artery

A

arises at the bifurcation of the common carotid, passes through the neck, into the carotid canal in petrous temporal bone, across foramen lacerum, through cavernus since, next to body of sphenoid, forms carotid siphon (s-shaped), ends by giving off the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

37
Q

describe the course of the middle meningeal artery

A

from the maxillary artery, looped by auriculotemporal nerve, through foramen spinosum, has anterior and posterior branches, leaves impression on the skull

38
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

openings within the bone

39
Q

where is the sphenopalatine foramen located?

A

in pterygopalatine fossa

40
Q

what passes through the carotid canal

A

internal carotid artery

41
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord, vertebral artery, spinal portion of accessory nerve

42
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, lesser petrosal nerve

43
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

44
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

45
Q

what passes through the groove and hiatuses for greater and lesser petrosal nerves

A

greater and lesser petrosal nerves

46
Q

what passes through the hypoglossal canal

A

hyperglossal nerve

47
Q

what passes through the infraorbital forament

A

infraorbital nerve (CN V pt 2), artery and vein

48
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

49
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, jugular bulb

50
Q

what passes through the mandibular foramen

A

inferior alveolar nerve from CN V pt 3

51
Q

what passes through the mental foramen

A

mental nerve

52
Q

what passes through the olfactory foramina of cribiform plate

A

olfactory nerves

53
Q

what passes through the optic canal

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

54
Q

what passes through the petrotympanic fissure

A

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

55
Q

what passes through the pterygoid canal

A

nerve of pterygoid canal

56
Q

what passes through the sphenopalatine foramen

A

sphenopalatine artery

57
Q

what passes through the stylomastoid foramen

A

motor portion of facial nerve

58
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor abducen, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, ophthalmic vein

59
Q

what passes through the supraorbital foramen

A

supraorbital nerve (CN V pt1), artery and vein

60
Q

what passes through the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial foramina

A

zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves

Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck (15 decks)

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