Oral Cavity Flashcards
which lingual veins can you see when you flip over tongue: deep lingual vein or dorsal lingual veins?
Deep!
what is the clinical significance of the tubal tonsils?
spread of infections from the phayngeal tonsils to the tubal tonsils can close the auditory tube and enter the middle ear cavity otis media) to cause hearing loss
What are the tissue layers of the pharynx (from superficial to deep)?
- Mucosa 2. Pharyngeal fascia 3. Muscular layer 4. Buccopharyngeal fascia
what forms the lateral rim of the epiglottis?
aryepiglottic fold
what nerves provide general or special sensations to the tongue? (ant + post)
ant 1/3: special = chorda tympanii (7) ant 1/3 general = lingual nerve (V3) post 1/3 special = glossopharyngeal (9) post 1/3 general = glossopharngeal (9) + internal laryngeal (10)
what do the deep lingual veins drain into?
lingual vein, which empties into facial or internal ljugular veins
what bones make up the hard palate?
maxilla + palatine bones
what does the buccopharyngeal fascia contain?
pharyngeal plexus of IX and X
what is at risk if something (ie: fish bone) penetrates the piriform recess?
internal laryngeal nerve of Vagus (gives sensory to the laryngopharynx)
what are the parts/divisions of the larynx?
- Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx
Where is the retropharyngeal space? What is its clinical significance?
location: between buccopharyngeal and preVERTEBRAL (potential space) Clinical: infection prone; may produce swellings that interfere with speaking and swallowing and can also spread the infection to the superior mediastinum (in thorax)
where is the greater palatine foramen located?
medial to the 3rd molar
what happens if food gets lodged in the piriform recess?
sensory fibers of X give feeling that “something is caught in the throat”.. NOT choking
what supplies general + special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? aka pharyngeal tongue?
CN IX (+ spot of internal laryngeal nerve from X)
What function does the salpingopharyngeus muscle have during swallowing
elevates the pharynx (like all of the internal muscles of the pharynx) ALSO: opens the pharyngeal orifice of the AUDITORY TUBE during swallowing
what does CN IX innervate (sensory) in the oral cavity?
posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharyngeal wall (general and special sensory)… eliciting gag reflex
what is the pharyngeal recess? where is it located?
a lateral slit-like recess posterior to salpingopharyngeal fold
what is the function of the oral cavity?
passageway from external environment to the respiratory and digestive systems;
How does the soft palate connect to the tongue?
via palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (laterallY)
what forms the palatophayngeus arch?
palatopharyngeus muscle
where are the tubal tonsils locate?
in the submucousa posterior to the auditory orifice
what houses the palatine tonsils?
the tonsilar bed
what are the muscles of the soft palate?
(soft tongue licks penis/pussy muscles) T: Tensor Veli Palatini L: Levator Veli Palatini P: Palatoglossus P:Palatopharyngeus M: Muscular Uvulae
what is most at risk during a tonsilectomy?
CN IX (present in the tonsilar bed).. has potential to lose sensory information to posterior tongue and oropharynx ipsilateral to the injury
Where is the nasopharynx located? What is nerve primarily innervates its structures?
location: posterior to nasal cavity, superior to soft palate Innervation: V2 (sensory)
what is the palatine aponeurosis? what does it function as?
expanded tendon of the TENSOR VELI PALATINI; functions as the attachment for all soft palate muscles
what is the function of palatine glands? where are they located?
secrete mucous directly into the oral cavity; located deep to the mucosa that covers the periosteum that covers the hard palate
what is the function/innervation of levatory veli palatini?
elevates soft palate; X
where is the soft palate located during rest vs. during swallowing?
during rest: hangs into pharynx during swallowing: moves against the pharynx THUS PREVENTING FOOD REGURGITATION INTO NASAL CAVITY
where does the middle constrictor originate?
from hyoid bone
where does the inferior constrictor originate?
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
what runs above the superior constrictor muscle?
auditory tube comes in, and levator/tensor veli palatini muscles
what is located deep to the tonsilar bed fascia?
palatopharyngeous and superior constrictor muscles; external palatine vein, CN IX
what passes between mylohoid and hyoglossus muscles?
From superficial to deep: sublingual gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve
what is the function of the pharynx?
fibromuscular tube connecting the oral cavity with the rest of the digestive system and connects nasal cavity with respiratory system; -transports air into the larynx and food into the esophagus
what is the path of the greater palatine artery?
goes through the greater palatine foramen and supplies the hard palate, then it goes out through the incisive foramen and anastomoses with the sphenopalatine artery as a part of kiesselbach’s area.. (epitaxis potential)
what is the function/innervation of palatoglossus?
elevates posterior tongue; X
what runs in the gap below the inferior constrictor muscle?
inferior laryngeal nerve (off X)
what attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
lingual frenulum
what happens to the palatopharyngeus arch during swalling?
it constricts
which tonsils are removed in a tonsilectomy typically?
palatine
What does the soft palate separate?
separates the oral cavity from the nasopharynx and oropharynx
what runs between the superior and middle constrictors?
stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
why is medication placed under the tongue?
for quick absorption via the DEEP lingual veins
what is the function/innervation of tensor veli palatini?
tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube; V3 innervation
what is the function/innervation of hyoglossus?
depresses tongue; XII
what is the function/innervation of styloglossus?
retrudes tongues and curls it to make a trough; XII
what are the two parts of the cavity?
- vestibule = slit like opening between lips/cheek and gums/teeth 2. mouth proper
where does the lingual nerve run with respect to the submandibular duct?
lingual nerve = deep to submandibular duct
what is the function of the soft palate?
PREVENTING FOOD REGURGITATION INTO NASAL CAVITY
what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What is their combined function?
Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, Genioglossus, Palatoglossus; they move the tongue and alter its shape
what is dysphagia?
difficulty swallowing.. typical in alcoholism or in bulbar palsy (dengeneration of motor roots of IX and X)
what provides sensory (touch) innervation to the anterior 1/3 (oral) tongue?
lingual nerve of V3
what nerves innervate the larynopharynx
internal laryngeal (off superior laryngeal) and recurrent laryngeal both from cranial nerve X .. give sensory to laryngo pharynx. XII gives motor to stylopharyngeus
where is the incisive foramen? what goes through it?
location: anterior in hard palate, directly behind the maxillary central incisor Through: nasopalatine nerve (V2) = sensory to mucosa of anterior hard palate + greater palatine artery (its exit from the hard palate to the nasal cavity)
what divides the tongue into anterior and posterior parts? (oral and pharyngeal parts)
V-shaped sulcus terminalis
what nerves/arteries supply the soft palate? through what foramen do they enter?
lesser palatine nerve/artery. Enter via lesser palatine foramen
where is the salpingopharyngeus located with respect to the torus tubarius/auditory tube?
on the posterior wall of the orifice with the salpingopharyngeal fold
where is the oropharynx located? What nerve primarily innervates its structures?
location: posterior to oral cavity, superior to epiglottis innervation: IX (sensory + motor to stylopharyngeus)
where is the laryngopharynx located? what nerve primarily innervates its structures?
location: posterior to laryns, superior to esophagus innevation: X
what gives the hard palate an orange-peel appearance?
the orificace of the palatine ducts (located deep to the mucosa… aka between mucosa and periosteum)
what runs between the middle and inferior constrictors?
thryohyoid membrane (and the internal laryngeal nerve (off superior laryngeal nerve, X) and superior larygneal artery (from superior thyroid art off external) that pierce the membrane)
where are the palatine tonsils located?
between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds, and extend superiorly into the soft palate
what produces mouth breathing?
enlarged adenoids
what muscles are located in the laryngopharynx?
middle and inferior constrictors, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
what is the uvula derived from?
its a free-hanging conical object that is an extension of the soft palate
what passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle?
lingual artery (from external carotid)
what happens when the adenoids are enlarged?
they obstruct the flow of air through the nasopharynx producing mouth breathing
where is the oropharynx in relation to the oral cavity?
located posteriorly
what provides special sensory innervation to the anterior 1/3 (oral) tongue?
chorda tympanii
what is the function of the piriform recess?
pear-shaped depression in which food or objects often become lodged in children; you WANT food to travel through it, not get stuck
What happens when one genioglossus muscle is paralyzed? both?
one: tongue protrudes to the side of the paralysis both: tongue falls back and obstructs the airway
what nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx (3 constrictors + 3 longitudinal)
Pharyngeal plexus: X, except for stylopharyngeus (IX)
what is the function/innervation of palatoglossus?
elevates posterior tongue; X
where does the pharynx run from?
from the base of the skull to ~C6
where does the superior constrictor originate?
at level of cheek and mandible
what nerve (s) provide motor innervation to the tongue?
Hypoglossal (XII) to all muscles of the tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus (X)
what nerve innervates the palatopharyngeus?
X
What is the function of the hard palate?
separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx
what is the function/innervation of palatopharyngeus
elevates the pharynx, tenses soft palate; X
what is the function of all of the internal muscles of the the pharnx?
to elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing
what is eructation? How does it occur?
belching; occurs when excess air enters the esophagus and stomach
what goes through the greater palatine foramen?
the greater palatine nerve (V2) and artery to supply sensory innervation and blood to the hard palate (greater palatine nerve does posterior hard palate, and nasopalatine does most of the sensory.. i guess anterior + most)
How does the vestibule of the oral cavity communicate with the exterior?
orifice of the mouth
what are the contents of the oral cavity?
teeth, gingiva (gums), palate, tongue
what is the only soft palate muscle that is innervated by V3? what are all of the other muscules innervated by?
tensor veli palatini; X
what is the function/innervation of genioglossus?
protrudes tongue; XII
what is the function/innervation of muscularus Uvulae
shortens uvular and pulls it superiorly, CLOSES NASOPHARYNX DURING SWALLOWING; X
what type of papillae make up the sulcus terminalis?
circumvallate
what is the function of the aditis of the larynx
functions as a communication point between the larynx and laryngopharynx
where are the pharyngeal tonsils located? (adenoids)
roof and posterior wall; (?superior to nasopharynx)
