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Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

which lingual veins can you see when you flip over tongue: deep lingual vein or dorsal lingual veins?

A

Deep!

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1
Q

what is the clinical significance of the tubal tonsils?

A

spread of infections from the phayngeal tonsils to the tubal tonsils can close the auditory tube and enter the middle ear cavity otis media) to cause hearing loss

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2
Q

What are the tissue layers of the pharynx (from superficial to deep)?

A
  1. Mucosa 2. Pharyngeal fascia 3. Muscular layer 4. Buccopharyngeal fascia
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2
Q

what forms the lateral rim of the epiglottis?

A

aryepiglottic fold

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3
Q

what nerves provide general or special sensations to the tongue? (ant + post)

A

ant 1/3: special = chorda tympanii (7) ant 1/3 general = lingual nerve (V3) post 1/3 special = glossopharyngeal (9) post 1/3 general = glossopharngeal (9) + internal laryngeal (10)

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4
Q

what do the deep lingual veins drain into?

A

lingual vein, which empties into facial or internal ljugular veins

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5
Q

what bones make up the hard palate?

A

maxilla + palatine bones

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5
Q

what does the buccopharyngeal fascia contain?

A

pharyngeal plexus of IX and X

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6
Q

what is at risk if something (ie: fish bone) penetrates the piriform recess?

A

internal laryngeal nerve of Vagus (gives sensory to the laryngopharynx)

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7
Q

what are the parts/divisions of the larynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx
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7
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space? What is its clinical significance?

A

location: between buccopharyngeal and preVERTEBRAL (potential space) Clinical: infection prone; may produce swellings that interfere with speaking and swallowing and can also spread the infection to the superior mediastinum (in thorax)

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8
Q

where is the greater palatine foramen located?

A

medial to the 3rd molar

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9
Q

what happens if food gets lodged in the piriform recess?

A

sensory fibers of X give feeling that “something is caught in the throat”.. NOT choking

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10
Q

what supplies general + special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? aka pharyngeal tongue?

A

CN IX (+ spot of internal laryngeal nerve from X)

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11
Q

What function does the salpingopharyngeus muscle have during swallowing

A

elevates the pharynx (like all of the internal muscles of the pharynx) ALSO: opens the pharyngeal orifice of the AUDITORY TUBE during swallowing

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12
Q

what does CN IX innervate (sensory) in the oral cavity?

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharyngeal wall (general and special sensory)… eliciting gag reflex

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12
Q

what is the pharyngeal recess? where is it located?

A

a lateral slit-like recess posterior to salpingopharyngeal fold

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13
Q

what is the function of the oral cavity?

A

passageway from external environment to the respiratory and digestive systems;

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14
Q

How does the soft palate connect to the tongue?

A

via palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (laterallY)

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15
Q

what forms the palatophayngeus arch?

A

palatopharyngeus muscle

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15
Q

where are the tubal tonsils locate?

A

in the submucousa posterior to the auditory orifice

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15
Q

what houses the palatine tonsils?

A

the tonsilar bed

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16
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

(soft tongue licks penis/pussy muscles) T: Tensor Veli Palatini L: Levator Veli Palatini P: Palatoglossus P:Palatopharyngeus M: Muscular Uvulae

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17
Q

what is most at risk during a tonsilectomy?

A

CN IX (present in the tonsilar bed).. has potential to lose sensory information to posterior tongue and oropharynx ipsilateral to the injury

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18
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located? What is nerve primarily innervates its structures?

A

location: posterior to nasal cavity, superior to soft palate Innervation: V2 (sensory)

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19
Q

what is the palatine aponeurosis? what does it function as?

A

expanded tendon of the TENSOR VELI PALATINI; functions as the attachment for all soft palate muscles

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20
Q

what is the function of palatine glands? where are they located?

A

secrete mucous directly into the oral cavity; located deep to the mucosa that covers the periosteum that covers the hard palate

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22
Q

what is the function/innervation of levatory veli palatini?

A

elevates soft palate; X

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24
Q

where is the soft palate located during rest vs. during swallowing?

A

during rest: hangs into pharynx during swallowing: moves against the pharynx THUS PREVENTING FOOD REGURGITATION INTO NASAL CAVITY

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25
Q

where does the middle constrictor originate?

A

from hyoid bone

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25
Q

where does the inferior constrictor originate?

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

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25
Q

what runs above the superior constrictor muscle?

A

auditory tube comes in, and levator/tensor veli palatini muscles

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25
Q

what is located deep to the tonsilar bed fascia?

A

palatopharyngeous and superior constrictor muscles; external palatine vein, CN IX

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26
Q

what passes between mylohoid and hyoglossus muscles?

A

From superficial to deep: sublingual gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve

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27
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A

fibromuscular tube connecting the oral cavity with the rest of the digestive system and connects nasal cavity with respiratory system; -transports air into the larynx and food into the esophagus

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28
Q

what is the path of the greater palatine artery?

A

goes through the greater palatine foramen and supplies the hard palate, then it goes out through the incisive foramen and anastomoses with the sphenopalatine artery as a part of kiesselbach’s area.. (epitaxis potential)

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29
Q

what is the function/innervation of palatoglossus?

A

elevates posterior tongue; X

30
Q

what runs in the gap below the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve (off X)

31
Q

what attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

lingual frenulum

32
Q

what happens to the palatopharyngeus arch during swalling?

A

it constricts

33
Q

which tonsils are removed in a tonsilectomy typically?

A

palatine

34
Q

What does the soft palate separate?

A

separates the oral cavity from the nasopharynx and oropharynx

35
Q

what runs between the superior and middle constrictors?

A

stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

36
Q

why is medication placed under the tongue?

A

for quick absorption via the DEEP lingual veins

37
Q

what is the function/innervation of tensor veli palatini?

A

tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube; V3 innervation

38
Q

what is the function/innervation of hyoglossus?

A

depresses tongue; XII

40
Q

what is the function/innervation of styloglossus?

A

retrudes tongues and curls it to make a trough; XII

42
Q

what are the two parts of the cavity?

A
  1. vestibule = slit like opening between lips/cheek and gums/teeth 2. mouth proper
43
Q

where does the lingual nerve run with respect to the submandibular duct?

A

lingual nerve = deep to submandibular duct

44
Q

what is the function of the soft palate?

A

PREVENTING FOOD REGURGITATION INTO NASAL CAVITY

46
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What is their combined function?

A

Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, Genioglossus, Palatoglossus; they move the tongue and alter its shape

47
Q

what is dysphagia?

A

difficulty swallowing.. typical in alcoholism or in bulbar palsy (dengeneration of motor roots of IX and X)

49
Q

what provides sensory (touch) innervation to the anterior 1/3 (oral) tongue?

A

lingual nerve of V3

49
Q

what nerves innervate the larynopharynx

A

internal laryngeal (off superior laryngeal) and recurrent laryngeal both from cranial nerve X .. give sensory to laryngo pharynx. XII gives motor to stylopharyngeus

50
Q

where is the incisive foramen? what goes through it?

A

location: anterior in hard palate, directly behind the maxillary central incisor Through: nasopalatine nerve (V2) = sensory to mucosa of anterior hard palate + greater palatine artery (its exit from the hard palate to the nasal cavity)

50
Q

what divides the tongue into anterior and posterior parts? (oral and pharyngeal parts)

A

V-shaped sulcus terminalis

51
Q

what nerves/arteries supply the soft palate? through what foramen do they enter?

A

lesser palatine nerve/artery. Enter via lesser palatine foramen

53
Q

where is the salpingopharyngeus located with respect to the torus tubarius/auditory tube?

A

on the posterior wall of the orifice with the salpingopharyngeal fold

55
Q

where is the oropharynx located? What nerve primarily innervates its structures?

A

location: posterior to oral cavity, superior to epiglottis innervation: IX (sensory + motor to stylopharyngeus)

57
Q

where is the laryngopharynx located? what nerve primarily innervates its structures?

A

location: posterior to laryns, superior to esophagus innevation: X

58
Q

what gives the hard palate an orange-peel appearance?

A

the orificace of the palatine ducts (located deep to the mucosa… aka between mucosa and periosteum)

59
Q

what runs between the middle and inferior constrictors?

A

thryohyoid membrane (and the internal laryngeal nerve (off superior laryngeal nerve, X) and superior larygneal artery (from superior thyroid art off external) that pierce the membrane)

60
Q

where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds, and extend superiorly into the soft palate

61
Q

what produces mouth breathing?

A

enlarged adenoids

62
Q

what muscles are located in the laryngopharynx?

A

middle and inferior constrictors, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus

64
Q

what is the uvula derived from?

A

its a free-hanging conical object that is an extension of the soft palate

65
Q

what passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle?

A

lingual artery (from external carotid)

65
Q

what happens when the adenoids are enlarged?

A

they obstruct the flow of air through the nasopharynx producing mouth breathing

66
Q

where is the oropharynx in relation to the oral cavity?

A

located posteriorly

67
Q

what provides special sensory innervation to the anterior 1/3 (oral) tongue?

A

chorda tympanii

68
Q

what is the function of the piriform recess?

A

pear-shaped depression in which food or objects often become lodged in children; you WANT food to travel through it, not get stuck

69
Q

What happens when one genioglossus muscle is paralyzed? both?

A

one: tongue protrudes to the side of the paralysis both: tongue falls back and obstructs the airway

70
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx (3 constrictors + 3 longitudinal)

A

Pharyngeal plexus: X, except for stylopharyngeus (IX)

71
Q

what is the function/innervation of palatoglossus?

A

elevates posterior tongue; X

72
Q

where does the pharynx run from?

A

from the base of the skull to ~C6

73
Q

where does the superior constrictor originate?

A

at level of cheek and mandible

74
Q

what nerve (s) provide motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal (XII) to all muscles of the tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus (X)

76
Q

what nerve innervates the palatopharyngeus?

A

X

77
Q

What is the function of the hard palate?

A

separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

78
Q

what is the function/innervation of palatopharyngeus

A

elevates the pharynx, tenses soft palate; X

80
Q

what is the function of all of the internal muscles of the the pharnx?

A

to elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing

81
Q

what is eructation? How does it occur?

A

belching; occurs when excess air enters the esophagus and stomach

82
Q

what goes through the greater palatine foramen?

A

the greater palatine nerve (V2) and artery to supply sensory innervation and blood to the hard palate (greater palatine nerve does posterior hard palate, and nasopalatine does most of the sensory.. i guess anterior + most)

83
Q

How does the vestibule of the oral cavity communicate with the exterior?

A

orifice of the mouth

84
Q

what are the contents of the oral cavity?

A

teeth, gingiva (gums), palate, tongue

85
Q

what is the only soft palate muscle that is innervated by V3? what are all of the other muscules innervated by?

A

tensor veli palatini; X

86
Q

what is the function/innervation of genioglossus?

A

protrudes tongue; XII

87
Q

what is the function/innervation of muscularus Uvulae

A

shortens uvular and pulls it superiorly, CLOSES NASOPHARYNX DURING SWALLOWING; X

89
Q

what type of papillae make up the sulcus terminalis?

A

circumvallate

90
Q

what is the function of the aditis of the larynx

A

functions as a communication point between the larynx and laryngopharynx

91
Q

where are the pharyngeal tonsils located? (adenoids)

A

roof and posterior wall; (?superior to nasopharynx)

Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck (15 decks)

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