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Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck > Cranial Nerves II > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves II Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve (limbs) is involved in parasympathetic of the eye (be specific)

A

INFERIOR oculomotor

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2
Q

what muscle (other than the ciliary muscle) is involved in accomodation of the eye? NOTE it is NOT an ANS innervation

A

medial rectus, from the INFERIOR oculomotor

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3
Q

what is the light reflex? does one eye effect both eyes?

A

when light is shone, the pupil constricts to restrict incoming light; if light is shone in one eye, both eyes constrict

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4
Q

what is the corneal reflex? does one eye effect both eyes?

A

when the cornea is touched, the eye closes to protect the cornea; if light is shone in one eye, both eyes close

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5
Q

what nerves (limbs) are involved in the cornea reflex? how?

A

V1: senses touch as you touch your eye, sends the info to the brain then VII causes the oricularis oris to contract

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6
Q

what is the carotid reflex (baroreceptors)? what happens with an increase in pressure vs decrease in pressure?

A

barorecptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch detect blood pressure changes; info goes to CNS and to autonomics to change vessel diameter and heart contraction;

increase in pressure causes vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate (decrease in blood pressure)

decrease in pressure causes vasoconstriction, an increase in heart rate and and increase in blood pressure

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7
Q

what is the carotid reflex (chemoreceptors)? what happens if it senses low __?

A

sense changes in concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide and blood pH;

Decreased O2 = increased CO2 and increased pH leads to increased respiratory rate and eart rate;

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8
Q

what nerves (limbs) are involved in the carotid reflex?

A

sinus nerve of IX and aortic nerve of X carry info from baroreceptors to the CNS; then CNS causes autonomic control of output via symp/parasymp

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9
Q

what is the gag reflex? what nerves (limbs) are involved?

A

= due to touching of the back of the pharynx

IX receives input from the pharynx and causes the X to send innervation of the pharyngeal muscles

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10
Q

what does a lesion of CN I result in?

A

loss of smell on the SAME sid

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11
Q

where is a lesion of the olfactory common? where in general can the lesions occur?

A

most common = due to head injury, nerves at the cribiform plate shear;

can happen at the olfactory nerve, bulb, or tract

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12
Q

shining a light in the eye that contains the optic nerve lesion will result in:

shining a light in the opposite light of the optic nerve lesion will result int:

A

same eye as lesion = no light reflex (constriction) in EITHER eye (can’t sense that there is a light); accomodation can also be effected

opposite eye = BOTH eyes constrict (PS innervates sphinctor pupillae)

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13
Q

what happens if the oculomotor nerve is lesion? what does the eye look like? eyelid affected?

A

paralysis of the SR, IR, MR, and IO;

eye is thus abducted (LR still works VI) and depressed (SO via IV); the eyelid droops (ptosis) due to loss of the levator palpebrae superioris

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14
Q

what affect does the oculomotor lesion have on the eyes visual ability?

A

accomodation is lost (no PS to ciliary body)

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15
Q

how is the light reflex affected by an oculomotor lesion?

A

SAME EYE as lesion: consensual consticts (affected eye can perceive the light, it just can’t contract the muscle)

OPPOSITE EYE: only UNLESIONED pupil constricts (lesioned eye doesn’t have the muscle innervation to contract the eye)

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16
Q

if the trochlear nerve is lesioned, what eye muscle movement cannot be performed?

A

looking down from the adducted position (MR can adduct the eye, but only SO can adduct AND depress the eye)

17
Q

what does a lesion of the trigeminal nerve NEAR THE GANGLION result in?

A
  1. loss of general sensation to the face
  2. loss of ipsilateral corneal reaction
  3. ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of masticaion
  4. ipsilateral paralysis of tensor tympani muscles resulting in hyperacusis (noises seem LOUDER)
18
Q

what effect does a nerve lesion of the trigeminal nerve NEAR THE GANGLION have on the corneal reflex of the ipsilateral eye? of the contralateral eye?

A

Ipsilateral: no corneal reflex (eye does not close upon touch) IN EITHER EYE
contralateral: BOTH EYES CLOSE upon simulation

19
Q

what effect does a nerve lesion of the trigeminal nerve NEAR THE GANGLION have on hearing?

A

the tensor tympani is lost resulting in hyperacusis (noises seem LOUDER)

20
Q

what effect does a nerve lesion of the lingual nerve (V3) DISTAL to chorda tympanii joining result in?

A

loss of SENSATION to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of maouth;
loss of TASTE from the anterior 2/3 of tongue
loss of SALVIATION of submandicular and sublingual glands

ALL ON BOTH SIDES!!

21
Q

what effect does a nerve lesion of the lingual nerve (V3) DISTAL to chorda tympanii joining result in?

A

ONLY GENERAL SENSORY of anterior 2/3 of tongue

22
Q

what does a nerve lesion of the abducent nerve result in? what does the eye appear like?

A

paralysis of the lateral rectus of the effected eye;

the effected eye is adducted (turned in).. the person cannot look to the lateral side of the eye effected

23
Q

what does the facial nerve lesion WITHIN THE SKULL result in?

A
  1. loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  2. decreased salivation (chorda tymp to PS of SM and SL glands)
  3. No secretion of the tears (greater petrosal PS to lacrimal)
  4. paralysis of face muscles
  5. loss of cornea reflex (loose facial muscles so loss of orbicularis oris so you can’t close the eye)
  6. paralysis of stapedius = hyperacusis + tinnitus (ringing of ears)
24
Q

what happens as a result of paralysis to the stapedius muscle? what nerve must be lesioned for this to occur?

A

hyperacusis (noises seem louder) + tinnitus (ringing of ears)

via CN VII

25
Q

what is Bell’s Palsy? (in general)

A

temporary paralysis of the facial MUSCLES

26
Q

what are the symptoms of Bell’s Pals

A
  1. Dry cornea due to lacking of blinking
  2. Inability to close the eye
  3. Food gets caught in between the cheek and teeth
  4. Drooling
  5. corner of mouth droops
  6. Tears spilling out into the corner of the eye due to excessive tearing
27
Q

why is there excessive tearing in people who have Bells Palsy?

A

the brain detects the dry cornea/eye and causes reflex tears; the lack of blinking causes tears not to drain properly

28
Q

what does a lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve result in?

A
  1. ipsilateral loss of taste and eneral sensation on he posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  2. Ipsilateral loss of sensation in the pharynx
  3. Decreased salivation (if near where lesser petrosal nerve is located near the tympanic plexus before leaving the middle ear.. due to parotid gland)
  4. Loss of afferent limb of gag reflex on one side
  5. Paralysis of stylopharyngeus
29
Q

what does a lesion to the vagus nerve result in?

A
  1. hoarseness of voice (recurrent branch), monotonous (external laryngeal branch)
  2. weak voice
  3. difficulty swallowing (due to paralysis of constrictors)
  4. uvula deviates to the CONTRALATERAL side (due muscularis uvularis)
30
Q

what nerve lesion is associated with a hoarse voice? monotonous voice?

A 
recurrent = hoarse
monotonous = external laryngeal
31
Q

what nerve lesion would result in an inability to shrug the shoulder?

A

accessory (cant innervate trapezius)

32
Q

what does an accessory nerve lesion result in?

A

inability to shrug shoulder (trap) + difficulty with flexion and lateral flexion of the neck and roation to the opposite side (SCM)

33
Q

what results from a lesion to the hypoglossal nerve?

A

paralysis of ongue muscles involve don the side of lesion; tongue deviates to the lesioned side and genioglossus pushes the tongue out and over to the opposite side

34
Q

what muscles are innervated by CN X?

A
  1. Pharyngeal constrictors
  2. Salpingopharyngeaus
  3. Palatopharyngeus
  4. Palatoglossus
  5. Muscles of the larynx (speech).
  6. Cricothyroid muscle
  7. Levator veli palatini muscle

Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck (15 decks)

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