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Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck > PT Fossa (+Nasal Cavity) > Flashcards

PT Fossa (+Nasal Cavity) Flashcards

1
Q

where is the IT fossa in relation to the PT fossa?

A

IT is posterior to the PT

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2
Q

what is the main function of the PT fossa?

A

distribution of Maxillary Nerve (V2)
terminal branches of Maxillary artery
contains the pterygopalatine (PT) ganglion which gives parasymp. to glands of oral /nasal cavities
*** connects outside of skull to the nasal cavity , oral cavity, and nasalpharynx

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3
Q

what fissure splits the the IT and PT fossa?

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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4
Q

what fissure does chorda tympanii lie in?

A

pterygotemporal fissure

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5
Q

what is the connection point between the PT fossa and nasal pharynx?

A

palatovaginal groove

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6
Q

what is the function of the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

passageway for the nerves from V2 to get into the nasal cavity (accompanied by vessels)

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7
Q

what is the function of the inferior orbital fissure?

A

(floor of the orbit) things enter the fissure and exit via the inferior orbital foramen… transmits branches of V2

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8
Q

what foramen/fissue are present/surround the PT fossa?

A

sphenopalatine foramen (V2 branches to nasal cavity)
inferior orbital fissure (floor of orbit.. to infraorbital foramen)
pterygomaxillary fissure (border between IT and PT fossa)
Foramen rotundum (V2 to middle cranial fossa)
Pterygoid canal (nerve to pterygoid = greater petrosal + deep petrosal PT ganglion)
palatovaginal canal: V2 to nasopharynx
Palatine canal: transmits great palatine (to hard palate) and lesser palatine (to soft palate) nerves

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9
Q

whats the function of the palatine canal?

A

connects greater/lesser palatine nerves to the oral cavity for sensory of hard/soft palate

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10
Q

what is the function of V2 (generally)? How does it enter through the cranium? How does it exit the facial skeleton?

A

sensory;
enters as maxillary nerve via foramen rotundum
exits as infraorbital nerve via inferior orbital fissure

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11
Q

what are the branches of V2 (in PT fossa)?

A

ALL SENSORY:

Pharoh Played and Partied in ZION
P: Pharyngeal
P: Palatine
P: Posterior Superior Alveolar 
Z: Zygomatic (SENSORY, off facial its motor)
I: Infraorbital
O: oribital
N: Nasal
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12
Q

what is the function of the palatine nerve?

A

sensory to hard palate (greater palatine) and soft palate (lesser palatine)

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13
Q

what is the course of the palatine nerve?

A

runs through the palatine canal and enters the oral cavity via the greater and lesser foramina

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14
Q

what is the function of the Nasal Nerves

A

sensory to nasal cavity

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15
Q

what is the course of the nasal nerve?

A

through the sphenopalatine foramen, branches into the nasopalatine (medial wall)

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16
Q

what is the function of the pharyngeal nerve?

A

sensory to nasopharynx

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17
Q

what is the function of the zygomatic nerve of V2?

A

SENSORY to zygomatic and temporal regions of face

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18
Q

what is the fource of the zygomatic nerve?

A

goes through small foramen and gives rise to zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves and then exits out the interior orbital fissure

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19
Q

what is the function of the orbital nerve?

A

sensory to orbital wall and sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses

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20
Q

through what foramen does the orbital nerve of V2 travel?

A

inferior orbital fissure

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21
Q

what is the function of the posterior superior alveolar nerve?

A

sensory to upper molars and surrounding gingiva;

MAXILLARY sinus

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22
Q

what foramen does the posterior superior alveolar nerve of V2 travel through?

A

a small alveloar foramen

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23
Q

what nerve is the continuation of V2 after it enters the inferior orbital fissure?

A

infraorbital nerve

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24
Q

what does the infraorbital nerve supply?

A

SENSORY to upper teeth and gingiva AND maxillary sinus VIA anterior and middle alveloar nerves; also supplies the nose, lower eyelid, cheek and upper lip

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25
Q

what branches off of the infraorbital nerve?

A

superior alveolar and middle superior alveolar!

26
Q

what do the cell bodies in the PT ganglion supply via parasymp innervation?

A

mucous glands of nasal cavity; salivary glands of upper oral cavity (palatine); lacrimal gland

27
Q

How is parasymp innervation to lacrimal/nasal cavity accomplished?

A

preganglionic cells arise in the brainstem and send axons via CN VII to the genticulate ganglion and then through the greater petrosal nerve (VII) through pterygoid canal where it comes together with the deep petrosal nerve (, and synapse at the PT ganglion. then the postgang cell bodies at origin

28
Q

which nerve transmits the PARASYMP innervation to the PT ganglion? from which cranial nerve???

A

greater petrosal from VII

29
Q

which nerve transmits the SYMPATHETIC innervation to the PT ganglion? from which cranial nerve?

A

deep petrosal (t1)… ALL SYMPATHETIC OF ALL GLANDS OF HEAD/NECK

30
Q

How is SYMP innervation to all of the glands of the head/neck? accomplished?

A

cell bodies from the intermedial nucleus (?) from T1-T2 travel to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion and synapse; then the post ganglionic neuron travels on an internal carotid arterial plexus (network around the internal cartoid plexus) and then continues as a single nerve (DEEP PETROSAL NERVE) where it joins the greater petrosal nerve in the ptergygoid canal as the nerve to pterygoid and go through (NO SYNAPSE) in the PT ganglion and travels to the all of the glands of the head/neck (decrease salivary response)

31
Q

where are the terminal branches of the maxillary artery found?

A

in the pterygomaxilary fissure (separates IT and PT fossa)

32
Q

what are the terminal branches of the maxillary artery and what do they supply?

A

PIGS
P: posterior superior alveolar = upper molars
I: Infraorbital (gives ONLY superior alveolar branch, no middle like the nerve does) = upper teeth + floor or orbit
G: Greater/Lesser Palatine = hard/soft palate
S: Sphenopalatine = terminal branch of artery, supplies nasal cavity

33
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. gets air to lungs, alters air temperature and
    humidty
  2. filtration (hairs + mucus)
  3. olfaction
34
Q

where does air travel through in the nasal cavity?

A

through the meatus (between conchas)

35
Q

what is the dominant bone in the nasal cavity?

A

ETHMOID (cribiborm plate etc.);
forms the nasal septum
gives rise to the superior and middle concha

36
Q

what bone gives rise to the superior and middle concha?

A

ethmoid

37
Q

what bone gives rise to the inferior concha?

A

inferior concha

38
Q

what bones in the nasal cavity are unpaired?

A

ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, vomer

39
Q

what bones in the nasal cavity are paired?

A

Nasal, Maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, inferior conchae

40
Q

what is the function of the frontal sinus?

A

to alter air temperature and provide voice resonance and shape to face

41
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid

42
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinus?

A

its an extension of the nasal cavity for respiration, help humidify the air and provide voice resonance, affect the size and shape of the face, locus of bacterial infection that spread from the nasal cavities to the paranasal sinuses

43
Q

what drains into the middle meatus?

A

frontal sinus, anterior ethmoid cells, middle ethmoid cells, maxillary sinus

44
Q

what drains into the superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoid cells

45
Q

what drains into the sphenoethmoid recess

A

sphenoid sinus

46
Q

what drains into the inferior meatus?

A

nasolacrimal duct

47
Q

what arteries supply the nasal cavity?

A

maxillary (sphenopalatine + greater palatine), facial (superior labial + lateral nasal), ophthalmic (anterior + posterior ethmoidal arteries)

48
Q

what branches of the maxillary artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

sphenopalatine + greater palatine

49
Q

what branches of the facial artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

superior labial + lateral nasal

50
Q

what branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

anterior + posterior ethmoidal arteries

51
Q

Kiesselbach’s Area

A

in the anterior region of the medial wall , an area of extensive anastomoses with vessels close to the surface

major site of epitaxis (nose bleeds)

52
Q

what nerves innervate the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory, ophthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2)

53
Q

How does the olfactory nerve affect the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory epithelium at the level of the sphenoethmoid recess detect chemicals dissolved in the nasal mucousa. Signals are sent via primary olfactory axons through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb for the sense of smell

54
Q

what branches of V1 (opthalmic) nerve innervate the nasal cavity?

A

anterior and posterior ehtmoid nerve via nasocillary nerve; branch of anterior ethmoid = external nasal nerve t

55
Q

what does the anterior ethmoid nerve supply? what is it a branch of?

A

V1 branch; supplies the nasal cavity

56
Q

what does the poster ethmoid nerve supply? what is it a branch of?

A

V1 branch; supplies the sphenoid and ethmoid sinus

57
Q

what does the the anterior/posterior ethmoid nerves come from?

A

nasociliary nerve of V1

58
Q

what does the external nasal nerve come from? what does it supply?

A

anterior ethmoid (V1); supplies sensory to the nose

59
Q

what branches of the maxillary nerve (v2) supply the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal branches, which gives rise to the nasopalatine nerve and a terminal branch that goes through the incisive forament of the hard palate

60
Q

what travels through the incisive foramen of the hard palate? what does it supply?

A

terminal branch of the nasopalatine (branch of the nasal nerve of v2); supplies oral mucosa behind the incisor teeth

61
Q

where does the nasal branches of v2 innervate?

A

from PT fossa to supply both medial and lateral walls of posterior nasal cavity (chonae)

62
Q

what does the nasopalatine nerve supply? off what cranial nerve?

A

from v2 (off nasal branch); supplies the medial wall of the nasal septum

Anatomy Unit II: Head and Neck (15 decks)

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