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Cranio Exam 2 > scalp and muscles of facial expression > Flashcards

scalp and muscles of facial expression Flashcards

1
Q

scalp extends between:

A
  • superior nuchal lines posteriorly
  • supra-orbital margins anteriorly
  • superior temporal lines laterally
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2
Q

5 layers of scalp

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
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3
Q

the subarachnoid space is filled with —-

A

CSF

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4
Q

contains many sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles

A

skin

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5
Q

contains blood vessels and cutaneous nerves

A

connective tissue

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6
Q

aponeurosis

A

(epicranial aponeurosis)
tendinous sheet provides attachment for occipitofrontalis muscle and superior auricular muscles
-collectively, constitute the musculo-aponeurotic epicranius

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7
Q

loose areolar tissue

A

potential spaces that may distend with fluid as a result of injury or infection

  • allows free movement of the scalp proper (the first three layers) over the underlying calvaria
  • *-contains emissary veins
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8
Q

pericranium

A

forms the external periosteum of the neurocranium and continuous with the fibrous tissue in the cranial sutures

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9
Q

occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis (epicranius) share a common tendon, the _____

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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10
Q

two bellies of the occipitofrontalis

A
  • frontal belly: does not have bony attachment, protracts the scalp
  • occipital belly: arises from superior nuchal line, retracts the scalp
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11
Q

acting simultaneously, the occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis elevate the eyebrows and produce what expression?

A

surprised look

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12
Q

all parts of the epicranius are innervated by the _____

A

facial nerve

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13
Q

area of the scalp located between the superior temporal line and zygomatic arch and contains the temporalis muscle and fascia

A

temporal fossa

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14
Q

layers of the temporal fossa

A
  • skin
  • subcutaneous tissue
  • temporopatietal fascia
  • loose areolar tissue
  • superficial layer and deep layer of deep temporal fascia
  • temporalis muscle
  • pericranium
  • skull
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15
Q

why does injury of the scalp cause significant bleeding and rapid healing?

A

scalp is highly vascular with remarkable anastomses

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16
Q

why scalp trauma that involves the epicranial aponeurosis cause wide gap?

A

epicranial aponeurosis is under tension by the occipitaofrontalis

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17
Q

why does infection of the scalp spread only anteriorly and not laterally or posteriorly?

A

epicranial aponeurosis has bone attachment posterioly and laterally but not anteriorly

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18
Q

why is the loose areolar tissue (supaneurotic space) a dangerous space?

A

has the emissary veins which transmit infection to the cranial cavity thru skull foramina e.g. parietal and mastoid foramina

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19
Q

what is black eye (peri-orbital ecchymosis)?

A
  • eccymosis (purple patches) develop bc of extravasatioon of blood into subcutaneous tissue and skin of eyelids and surrounding regions
  • results from injury to scalp and/or forehead due to absence of bony attachment of frontal belly or apoenurosis
20
Q

____ usually occurs following delivery and injury and head trauma

A

scalp hematoma

21
Q

caput succedameum

A

subcutaneous hematoma, crosses temporal and nuchal lines and can cause blue eye

22
Q

subgaleal hematoma

A
  • hematoma within potential space between the galea aponeurosis and skull periosteum
  • crosses over the sutures and limited laterally by the superior temporal line and posteriorly by the superior nuchal line
23
Q

cephalhematoma

A

subperiosteal and therefore bound by the suture line (localized to a specific bone)

24
Q

boundaries of the face

A

extends superiorly to hair line, inferiorly to chin and base of mandible and on each side to auricle
-forehead is common to both scalp and face

25
Q

common features of facial muscles

A
  • subcutaneous
  • bony origin and pull on skin
  • develop from mesoderm in second pharyngeal arch
  • arranged around facial orifices to serve as sphincter and dilator for specific facial expressions
  • intermingled
  • supplied by facial nerve
26
Q

orbicularis oris

A
  • encircles the mouth within lips (intrinsic)
  • continue with surrounding muscles (extrinsic)
  • function: sphincter of mouth closes or purses lips; important during articulation
27
Q

buccinator (L. trumpeter) origin

A

upper fibers: alveolar process of maxilla opposite molar teeth
lower fibers: alveolar process of mandible opposite molar teeth
middle fibers: from petrygomandibular raphe

28
Q

insertion of buccinator

A

upper: into upper lip
lower: into lower lip
middle: decussate so upper fibers into lower lip and upper into upper lip (modiolus)

29
Q

action of buccinator

A

smiling, chewing, speech

  • prevents accum of food into vestibule
  • prevents tilting of teeth in outward direction
  • resists distention (when blowing)
  • speech
30
Q

paralysis of buccinator and orbicularis oris causes

A
  1. protrusive teeth
  2. accum of food
  3. drooling
  4. slurred speech
31
Q

3 parts of orbicularis oculi

A
  1. palpebral: from medial palp ligament (MPL) and extends within eyelids–gently closes eyes
  2. lacrimal part: from lacrimal bone and continues thru eyelid–drainage of tears from lacrimal gland laterally to lacrimal sac medially
  3. orbital part: from MPL overlying orbital margin–tightly closes eyelids to protect eyeballs
32
Q

when all three parts of the orbicularis oculi contract–

A

the eyes are fimly closed

33
Q

corrugator supercilii

A
  • origin: medial end of superciliary arch
  • insertion: skin superior to middle of supra-orbital margin and superciliary arch
  • action: draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose
34
Q

procerus

A
  • origin: fascia aponeurosis covering nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
  • insertion: skin of inferior forehead, between eyebrows
  • action: depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose (conveying dislike)
35
Q

risorius

A

smile widely

  • origin: parotid fascia and buccal skin (highly variable)
  • insertion: angle of the mouth
  • action: parts of dilators of mouth; smile widely
36
Q

what makes up the quadratus labii muscle

A

levator labii superioris alaque nasi
levator labii superioris
zygomaticus minor

37
Q

levator labii superioris alaque nasi

A

medial fibers of quadratus labii

  • arise from upper part of frontal process of maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips to upper lip and nasal cartilage
  • action: raises upper lip and widens nostril
38
Q

levator labii superioris

A

intermediate of quadratus

  • arises from lower margin of orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen and inserted into upper lip
  • action: raises upper lip, depends nasolabial fold (sadness)
39
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

lateral fibers of quadratus

  • arises from anterior part of zygomatic bone and inserted in the lateral part of upper lip
  • action: raises upper lip
40
Q

zygomaticus major

A
  • origin: lateral aspect of zygomatic bone
  • insertion: angle of mouth (modiolus)
  • action: elevate lip – bilaterally to smiale unilaterally to sneer
41
Q

levator anguli oris

A

-origin: infra-orbital maxilla (canine fossa)
-insertion: angle of mouth
-action: raises angle of mouth
(caninus)

42
Q

canine space

A
  • infra-orbital space
  • thin potential space on face
  • located between the levator anguli oris muscle inferiorly and levator labii superiors superiorly
43
Q

depressor anguli oris (triangularis)

A
  • origin: anterolateral base of mandible
  • insertion: angle of the mouth
  • action: lowers angle of mouth
  • acts bilaterally to frown
44
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A
  • origin: platysma and anterolateral body of mandible
  • insertion: skin of lower lip
  • action: part of dilators of mouth; depresses and everts lower lip (sadness)
45
Q

mentalis

A
  • origin: body of mandible (anterior to roots of inferior incisors)
  • insertion: skin of the chin
  • action: raises chin, protrudes lower lip, decreases depth of lower vestibule
46
Q

witches chin

A
  • complete reflection of mentalis muscle for purpose of extension of subperiosteal implant
  • -failure of mentalis reattacment
47
Q

platysma

A
  • origin: fascia covering chest wall (subcut tissue of infra-clavicular and supraclavicular regions)
  • insertion: lower border of mand and angle of mouth
  • action: raises skin of neck and lowers corner of mouth. Also depresses mandible

Cranio Exam 2 (11 decks)

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