Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cranio Exam 2 > cranial cavity, meninges, & dural venous sinus > Flashcards

cranial cavity, meninges, & dural venous sinus Flashcards

1
Q

three membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord

A
  • dura mater: thick, tough, fibrous external layer
  • arachnoid: intermediate layer
  • pia mater: delicate internal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of meninges

A
  • protect the brain
  • framework for blood supply
  • enclose the subarachnoid space and contain CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

layers of dura mater

A
  • endosteal layer: periosteum on inner surface of skull, continuous with periosteum on outside of all major foramina of skull
  • meningeal layer: dense, strong, fibrous layer covering brain, continuous with dura mater at spinal cord, four dural unfolding, separate the regions of the brain
  • *layers cannot be separated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • largest dural infolding
  • lies in longitudinal cerebral fissure that separates right and left cerebral hemispheres
  • ends by becoming continuous with tentorium cerebelli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

falx cerebelli

A
  • partially separates cerebellar hemispheres
  • small fold lying inferior to tentorium cerebelli
  • attached to inferior surface of the tentorium and internal occipital crest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

crescent shape fold which separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diaphragma sellae

A
  • small circular fold of dura mater that forms roof of sella turcica (covering pituitary gland)
  • small opening in center allows passage of infidibular stalk of hypophysis (pituitary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

innervation of meninges by–

A

trigeminal and vagus with a little bit of upper cervical spinal nerves (C2 and C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anterior cranial fossa innervated by

A

V1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

middle cranial fossa innervated by

A

V2 and V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

posterior cranial fossa innervated by

A
  • C2 & C3, supplying dura in proximity to foramen magnum

- meningeal branches of vagus and hypoglossal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diploic veins

A

located within the diploe of the cranial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

emissary veins

A
  • route of communication between intracranial veins and extracranial veins (no valves)
  • allow for escape of blood from the cranium
  • many opening transmit these veins
  • examples: mastoid foramen connecting posterior auricular vein to sigmoid sinus; parietal foramen–occipital vein to superior sagittal sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

veins of the cranium

A
  1. extracranial
  2. emissary
  3. diploic
  4. cerebral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dural venous sinuses

A
  • venous channels found within the cranial dura mater (between the periosteal and meningeal layers, at the margin of dural folds)
  • receive cerebral and meningeal veins and CSF
  • drain into internal jugular veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

superior sagittal sinus (superior longitudinal sinus)

A
  • unpaired area along the attached margin of falx cerebri
  • allows blood to drain from lateral aspects of anterior cerebral hemispheres to confluence of sinuses
  • cerebrospinal fluid drains thru arachnoid granulations into superior sag sinus and returned to venous circulation
  • drains into transverse sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transverse sinus

A
  • starts at internal occipital protuberance

- follows tentorium cerebelli to drain to sigmoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sigmoid sinus

A
  • continuation with the transverse sinus (s shape)

- drains to internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inferior sagittal sinus

A

located in unattached margin of the falx cerebri and drains to the straight sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

straight sinus**

A
  • located at the junction of falx cerebri with tentorium cerebelli
  • formed by inferior sagittal sinus and Great Vein of Galen and ends in Confluence of Sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

occipital sinus

A
  • located in falx cerebelli

- run around the foramen magnum and ends in confluence of sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cavernous sinus

A
  • circular sinus surrounded the hypothysis (in both sides)
  • Inferior petrosal sinus–connects it to internal jugular vein
  • Superior petrosal sinus–connects it to the Sigmoid sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nerves located within the cavernous sinus

A 
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV)
opthalmic (V1)
maxillary (V2)
abducens (VI)
internal carotid plexus of nerves (sympathetic nerves)
24
Q

the cavernous sinus makes a _____ between both inside the skull (other venous sinuses) and outside the skull (facial veins)

A

central venous connection

25
Q

veins in the substance of the brain are tributaries to _____

A

internal jugular vein

26
Q

superficial cerebral vein branches

A
  • superior drains into superior sagittal sinus
  • middle drains into cavernous sinus
  • inferior drains into sphenparietal, cavernous, and superior petrosal sinus
27
Q

deep cerebral vein

A

drain internal substance of the cerebral hemispheres and drain into the great cerebral vein of Galen which drains into the straight sinus

28
Q

superior cerebellar vein

A

drains into straight sinus

29
Q

inferior cerebellar vein

A

drains into the superior petrosal, transverse or occipital sinuses

30
Q

cerebrospnal fluid

A
  • clear liquid similar to blood
  • provides nutrients but less protein and different ion concentration
  • formed by choroid plexus of four ventricles of brain
  • leaves ventricular system and enter subarachnoid space between arach. and pia
  • cushions and nourishes brain and helps maintain balance of extracellular fluid
31
Q

epidural hemorrhage

A

extradural hemorrhage (between skull and meninges)

  • bleeding from meningeal blood vessels
  • lucid interval – conscious–> unconscious
  • CT scan diagnosis
  • lens shape opacity
32
Q

subdural hemorrhage

A

between dura and acrach

  • hg. frm cerebral veins
  • skull moves as brain doesn’t
  • CT scan shows crescent
33
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A
  • from circle of willis
  • sudden severe headache
  • spontaneous rupture of blood vessels
  • lumbar puncture–blood in CSF
34
Q

intra cerebral

A

in brain itself

  • due to microaneurysm in cerebral blood vessels (hypertension)
  • neuronal deficit
35
Q

connections of facial vein

A
  • directly to cavernous sinus by superior ophthalmic vein or inferior ophthalmis vein
  • indirectly by pterygoid venous plexus by inferior ophthalmic vein or deep facial vein
36
Q

why is dangerous triangle dangerous?

A
  • blood normally drains from medial angle of eye, nose, lips into facial vein
  • facial veins don’t have valves so blood can drain into cavernous sinus which can lead to infection in brain
37
Q

internal carotid

A

-begins at bifurcation of common carotid
-ascends the neck to enter the carotid canal
continues forward through cavernous sinus and emerges medial to anterior clinoid process to pierce dura
-divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

38
Q

branches of cerebral portion of internal carotid

A
  • opthalmic
  • anterior choroidal
  • anterior cerebral
  • middle cerebral
  • posterior communicating
39
Q

vertebral artery

A
  • comes off subclavian, ascends the neck to enter the foramen magnum and pierces meninges and continues to medulla
  • ends in pons and joins the opposite side to form basilar artery
40
Q

branches of vertebral artery

A
  • posterior spinal
  • anterior spinal
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
41
Q

basilar artery

A
  • pontine
  • labyrintheine
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
42
Q

circle of willis

A
  • anastomoses between internal carotid and vertebral artery

- allows for either the internal carotid or the vertebral arteries to supply any part of the cerebral hemispheres

43
Q

what does the circle of willis consist of?

A
  • anterior communicating
  • anterior cerebral
  • internal carotid
  • posterior communicating
  • posterior cerebral
  • basilar arteries
44
Q

olfactory nerve associated with

A

telencephalon (cerebrum)

45
Q

optic nerv assoc with

A

diencephalon

46
Q

III and IV originate in

A

midbrain

47
Q

V, VI, VII, VIII originate in

A

pons

48
Q

IX, X, XI, XII originate in

A

medulla

49
Q

III, VII, IX, X contain ____ fibers

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

50
Q

cell bodies of all general sensory neurons are located in the ganglia of —–

A

V, VII, IX, X

51
Q

cell bodies of taste neurons are located in the ganglia of —–

A

VII, IX, X

52
Q

cell bodies of motor neurons are located in separate nuclei within the _____

A

brainstem (multipolar)

53
Q

V1 exits through

A

superior orbital

54
Q

V2 exits through

A

rotundum

55
Q

V3 exits through

A

ovale

56
Q

CN III, IV, V1, and VI exit through

A

superior orbital fissure

Cranio Exam 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions