blood supply of scalp and face

Question 1

blood supply of head and neck is derived from 3 major arteries:

Answer 1

1. external carotid
2. internal carotid
3. subclavian

Question 2

branches of common carotid

Answer 2

internal and external carotid

Question 3

common carotid and subclavian arise from:

Answer 3

1. brachiocephalic artery in right side

2. arch of aorta in left side

Question 4

left arch of aorta turns into

Answer 4

left common carotid and left subclavian

Question 5

right brachicephalic artery turns into

Answer 5

right subclavian and right common carotid

Question 6

branches of external carotid artery

Answer 6

1. facial
2. lingual
3. superior thyroid
4. occipital
5. posterior auricular
6. ascending pharyngeal
7. 2 terminal : superficial temporal and maxillary

Question 7

anterior branches of external carotid artery

Answer 7

facial, lingual, superior thyroid

Question 8

posterior branches of external carotid artery

Answer 8

occipital and posterior auricular

Question 9

posterior auricular nerve from VII supplies the–

Answer 9

occipitalis muscle

*ascends over mastoid process with artery supplying occipital belly and auricular muscles

Question 10

T/F internal carotid artery does not give branches outside cranial cavity

Answer 10

true

Question 11

major branches of internal carotid artery

Answer 11

1. ophthalmic
2. anterior cerebral
3. middle cerebral
4. posterior communicating
5. anterior choroidal

Question 12

why does the smallest cut on the scalp bleed profusely?

Answer 12

scalp has a rich blood supply to nourish the hair follicles

-the arteries lie in the superficial fascia

Question 13

branches of the ophthalmic artery

Answer 13

supratrochlear (medial)
supraorbital (lateral)
*run along with the nerves

Question 14

superficial temporal artery and vein go to— then —-

Answer 14

external carotid and along zyomatic bone

Question 15

what tissue holds the blood supply of the scalp?

Answer 15

connective tissue

Question 16

superficial temporal artery

Answer 16

• smaller terminal branch of external carotid
• ascends in front of auricle in company with auriculotemporal nerve
• divides into anterior and posterior branches, which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions

Question 17

posterior auricular artery

Answer 17

• branch of external carotid
• ascends behind the auricle to supply the scalp above and behind the auricle
• connected with occipital artery

Question 18

occipital artery

Answer 18

• branch of external carotid artery
• ascends from apex of posterior triangle
• accompanies greater occipital nerve
• supplies the skin over the back of the scalp and reaches as high as vertex of the skull

Question 19

facial artery

Answer 19

• branch of external carotid artery that provides the major blood supply of the face
• enters face at antero-inferior angle of masseter
• ascends to angle of mouth then vertically to medial angle of the eye
• tortuous course anterior to facial vein

Question 20

branches of facial artery

Answer 20

1. inferior labial–>lower lip
2. superior labial–> upper lip (gives septal branch to top of nasal septum)
3. lateral nasal–> to side of the nose
4. angular–> anastomoses with branches of ophthalmic artery

Question 21

which branch of facial artery is responsible for nasal bleeding (ptstaxis)?

Answer 21

septal branch (superior labial)

Question 22

transverse facial artery

Answer 22

• branch of superficial temporal (from external carotid)
• runs superficial to masseter below zygomatic arch
• anastomoses with branches of facial artery
• supplies parotid gland and duct, masseter, and skin of face

Question 23

why is there rare necrosis after plastic surgery (rapid healing) and significant bleeding in case of facial injury?

Answer 23

blood supply to skin of face is profuse

Question 24

which facial arteries can be used to track the patient’s pulse?

Answer 24

facial artery against the base of the mandible

superifical temporal artery against zygomatic arch

Question 25

veins to drain scalp and face

Answer 25

1. facial vein (starts as angular) 2. retromandibular vein 3. superficial temporal vein 4. posterior auricular vein

Question 26

divisions of retromandibular vein

Answer 26

- posterior division--joins posterior auricular --> external jugular - anterior division--joins facial vein--> common facial vein--> internal jugular--> heart

Question 27

path to internal jugular vein

Answer 27

supratrochlear + supraorbital--> anterior facial V--> common facial vein--> internal jugular vein OR maxillary vein + superficial temporal--> retromandibular --> anterior division--> common facial--> internal jug

Question 28

path to subclavian vein

Answer 28

maxillary vein + sup. temp vein--> retromandibular--> posterior division + posterior auricular vein--> external jugular --> subclavian vein

Question 29

occipital veins drain into ?

Answer 29

suboccipital plexus of veins

Question 30

supraorbital, supratrochlear and angular communicate with ---

Answer 30

ophthalmic veins

Question 31

ophthalmic veins drain directly to ____ through superior orbital fissue

Answer 31

cavernous sinus

Question 32

facial vein communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via ___?

Answer 32

deep facial vein

Question 33

pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the cavernous sinus by _____ that drains into the _____ through the foramen ovale

Answer 33

emissary vein that drains into the cavernous sinus

Question 34

infection in cavernous sinus can lead to

Answer 34

cavernous sinus thrombosis