blood supply of scalp and face Flashcards
blood supply of head and neck is derived from 3 major arteries:
- external carotid
- internal carotid
- subclavian
branches of common carotid
internal and external carotid
common carotid and subclavian arise from:
- brachiocephalic artery in right side
2. arch of aorta in left side
left arch of aorta turns into
left common carotid and left subclavian
right brachicephalic artery turns into
right subclavian and right common carotid
branches of external carotid artery
- facial
- lingual
- superior thyroid
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- ascending pharyngeal
- 2 terminal : superficial temporal and maxillary
anterior branches of external carotid artery
facial, lingual, superior thyroid
posterior branches of external carotid artery
occipital and posterior auricular
posterior auricular nerve from VII supplies the–
occipitalis muscle
*ascends over mastoid process with artery supplying occipital belly and auricular muscles
T/F internal carotid artery does not give branches outside cranial cavity
true
major branches of internal carotid artery
- ophthalmic
- anterior cerebral
- middle cerebral
- posterior communicating
- anterior choroidal
why does the smallest cut on the scalp bleed profusely?
scalp has a rich blood supply to nourish the hair follicles
-the arteries lie in the superficial fascia
branches of the ophthalmic artery
supratrochlear (medial)
supraorbital (lateral)
*run along with the nerves
superficial temporal artery and vein go to— then —-
external carotid and along zyomatic bone
what tissue holds the blood supply of the scalp?
connective tissue
superficial temporal artery
- smaller terminal branch of external carotid
- ascends in front of auricle in company with auriculotemporal nerve
- divides into anterior and posterior branches, which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions
posterior auricular artery
- branch of external carotid
- ascends behind the auricle to supply the scalp above and behind the auricle
- connected with occipital artery
occipital artery
- branch of external carotid artery
- ascends from apex of posterior triangle
- accompanies greater occipital nerve
- supplies the skin over the back of the scalp and reaches as high as vertex of the skull
facial artery
- branch of external carotid artery that provides the major blood supply of the face
- enters face at antero-inferior angle of masseter
- ascends to angle of mouth then vertically to medial angle of the eye
- tortuous course anterior to facial vein
branches of facial artery
- inferior labial–>lower lip
- superior labial–> upper lip (gives septal branch to top of nasal septum)
- lateral nasal–> to side of the nose
- angular–> anastomoses with branches of ophthalmic artery
which branch of facial artery is responsible for nasal bleeding (ptstaxis)?
septal branch (superior labial)
transverse facial artery
- branch of superficial temporal (from external carotid)
- runs superficial to masseter below zygomatic arch
- anastomoses with branches of facial artery
- supplies parotid gland and duct, masseter, and skin of face
why is there rare necrosis after plastic surgery (rapid healing) and significant bleeding in case of facial injury?
blood supply to skin of face is profuse
which facial arteries can be used to track the patient’s pulse?
facial artery against the base of the mandible
superifical temporal artery against zygomatic arch
veins to drain scalp and face
- facial vein (starts as angular)
- retromandibular vein
- superficial temporal vein
- posterior auricular vein
divisions of retromandibular vein
- posterior division–joins posterior auricular –> external jugular
- anterior division–joins facial vein–> common facial vein–> internal jugular–> heart
path to internal jugular vein
supratrochlear + supraorbital–> anterior facial V–> common facial vein–> internal jugular vein
OR
maxillary vein + superficial temporal–> retromandibular –> anterior division–> common facial–> internal jug
path to subclavian vein
maxillary vein + sup. temp vein–> retromandibular–> posterior division + posterior auricular vein–> external jugular –> subclavian vein
occipital veins drain into ?
suboccipital plexus of veins
supraorbital, supratrochlear and angular communicate with —
ophthalmic veins
ophthalmic veins drain directly to ____ through superior orbital fissue
cavernous sinus
facial vein communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via ___?
deep facial vein
pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the cavernous sinus by _____ that drains into the _____ through the foramen ovale
emissary vein that drains into the cavernous sinus
infection in cavernous sinus can lead to
cavernous sinus thrombosis
