Scalp and Meninges

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis- Frontalis and Occipitalis
Loose Areolar Tissue
Pericranium

SCALP

Question 2

What are the 2 main nerves to supply cutaneous innervation to the face?

Answer 2

CN V (Trigeminal nerve)- through the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches

Cervical spinal nerves

Question 3

What are the 2 main branches of the cervical spinal nerves that supply cutaneous innervation to the head?

Answer 3

Ventral rami of C2 and C3

• Greater auricular nerve (C2,3)
• Lesser occipital nerve (C2)

Dorsal ramus of C2
-Greater occipital nerve

Question 4

What are the 3 branches of the external carotid that supplies blood to the head?

Answer 4

Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal

Question 5

What are the 2 branches of the internal carotid that supplies blood to the head?

Answer 5

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

Question 6

What structures supply blood to the brain? Where are these arteries found? What do they form?

Answer 6

2 internal carotid arteries
2 vertebral arteries

they lie within the subarachnoid space and for the anastomoses known as the Circle of Willis

Question 7

What is the Function of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 7

Interconnects the internal carotid and vertebral system to create alternative routes for blood to flow in case of blockage

Question 8

What are the 5 components of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 8

Internal carotids/middle cerebral arteries
Anterior cerebral arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating arteries

Question 9

Describe the meninges and spaces superficial to deep.

Answer 9

Epidural space- absent around the brain
Dura mater
Subdural space
Leptomeninx

Question 10

What are the 3 components of the Leptomeninx?

Answer 10

Arachnoid membrane
Arachnoid Villi
Pia Mater

Question 11

What is the meningial structure that is most superficial to the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 11

Dura mater

Question 12

What are the 4 Dura Mater reflections?

Answer 12

Falx Cerebri- Midline fold of the dura mater netween the two cerebral hemispheres

Tentorium Cerebelli- Dural fold located between teh cerebellum and the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

Falx Cerebelli- Dural fold between two cerebellar hemispheres

Diaphragma Sellae- Dural fold over the hypophyseal fossa

Question 13

What are endothelial-lines spaces between the periosteal and the meningeal layers of the dura?

Answer 13

Dural sinuses

Question 14

Describe the pathway of cerebral spinal fluid flow.

Answer 14

Choroid plexuses –> Ventricles –> Apertures –> Subarachnoid space –> Arachnoid villi –> Dural venous sinuses –> Internal Jugular veins

CVA SAD I
(I had a) CVA SAD I (am)
cva stands for cerebral vascular accident

Question 15

What is the arachnoid attached to?

Answer 15

The underlying pia mater

Question 16

What is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater known as? What is found here?

Answer 16

The subarachnid space, through which cerebral spinal fluid is found

Question 17

What does the pia mater lie directly on?

Answer 17

The brain and spinal cord