Foot Flashcards
What 3 arteries supply the dorsum of the foot?
Anterior tibial artery via dorsalis pedis artery
Arctuate artery
Deep plantar artery
What 3 nerves supply the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial peroneal nerve- gives rise to medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves
Deep peroneal nerve (two branches)
Lateral branch is motor to intrinsic muscles- Extensor hallucis brevis and Extensor digitorum brevis
Medial branch is cutaneous
Sural nerve- Gives off lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
What are the two branches of the Peroneal retinacula?
Superior peroneal
Inferior peroneal
*tendons of both peroneus longus and brevis pass through both of these retinacula
What is the Extensor retinaculum and what tendons are associated with it?
a Y-shaped complex with a stem of Y on the lateral side of the ankle
For tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and tibialis anterior
What 3 tendons are associated with the Flexor retinaculum?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Dorsal interossei
What is the blood supply for the sole of the foot?
Posterior tibial artery- medial and lateral plantar arteries
Perforating arteries
What is the nerve supply for the sole of the foot?
3 Cutaneous
1 Motor
Cutaneous:
Tibial nerve- Medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar
Saphenous nerve
Sural nerve
Motor:
Tibial nerve via lateral and medial plantar nerves
What are the muscle layers of the sole of the foot?
- What are the 3 muscles in the first layer?
- What are the 2 tendons in the first layer?
Superficial layers- skin, plantar aponeurosis
First muscle layer:
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis
**Tendons in first layer:
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
What is the action the Abductor halucis causes?
Abducts the great toe at MP joint
Flexes MP joint
What innervates the Abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar: S1-2
What is the action the Flexor digitorum brevis causes?
Flexes PIP joints of digits 2-5
What innervates the Flexor Digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar: L5, S1-2
What is the action the Abductor digiti minimi causes?
Abducts the little toe and the MP joint
What innervates the Abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral plantar: S2-3
What is the second muscle layer of the sole of the foot?
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
What is the action the Quadratus Plantae causes?
Flexes the DIP joints of the digits 2-5
What innervates the Quadratus Plantae?
Lateral plantar: S2-3
What action does the lumbricals of the sole of the foot cause?
Flexes the MP joints and extends the PIP and DIP joints of the digits 2-5
What inntervates the lumbricals of the sole of the foot?
Lumbrical 1
Lumbricals 2-4
Lumbrical 1- Medial plantar nerve (S2-3)
Lumbricals 2-4: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)
What are the muscles found in the third muscle layer of the sole of the foot?
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What action does the muscle Flexor hallucis brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Flexes proximal phalanx of the first digit
What action does the muscle Adductor hallucis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Adducts the great toe at the MP joint
What action does the muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Flexes the PIP joint of the little toe
What innervates the muscle Flexor hallucis brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Medial plantar nerve: S2-3
What innervates the muscle Adductor hallucis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Lateral plantar: S2-3
What innervates the muscle Flecor digiti minimi brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?
Lateral plantar S2-3
What structures are found in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon
Interossei Muscles: 3 Plantar (adductors), 4 Dorsal (abductors)
What is the action for the Dorsal Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
Abducts digits 2-4
Flexes metatarsal-phalangeal joints
What is the action for the Plantar Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
Adducts digits 3-5 at the MP joints towards the axis of the second toe
Flexes the MP joints and extends the PIP and DIP joints of digits 3-5
What innervates the Dorsal Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
Lateral plantar nerve: S2-3
What innervates the Plantar Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
Lateral plantar: S2-3
