Foot

Question 1

What 3 arteries supply the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 1

Anterior tibial artery via dorsalis pedis artery
Arctuate artery
Deep plantar artery

Question 2

What 3 nerves supply the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 2

Superficial peroneal nerve- gives rise to medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

Deep peroneal nerve (two branches)
Lateral branch is motor to intrinsic muscles- Extensor hallucis brevis and Extensor digitorum brevis

Medial branch is cutaneous

Sural nerve- Gives off lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve

Question 3

What are the two branches of the Peroneal retinacula?

Answer 3

Superior peroneal
Inferior peroneal

*tendons of both peroneus longus and brevis pass through both of these retinacula

Question 4

What is the Extensor retinaculum and what tendons are associated with it?

Answer 4

a Y-shaped complex with a stem of Y on the lateral side of the ankle

For tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and tibialis anterior

Question 5

What 3 tendons are associated with the Flexor retinaculum?

Answer 5

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 6

What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 6

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Dorsal interossei

Question 7

What is the blood supply for the sole of the foot?

Answer 7

Posterior tibial artery- medial and lateral plantar arteries

Perforating arteries

Question 8

What is the nerve supply for the sole of the foot?

3 Cutaneous
1 Motor

Answer 8

Cutaneous:
Tibial nerve- Medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar
Saphenous nerve
Sural nerve

Motor:
Tibial nerve via lateral and medial plantar nerves

Question 9

What are the muscle layers of the sole of the foot?

• What are the 3 muscles in the first layer?
• What are the 2 tendons in the first layer?

Answer 9

Superficial layers- skin, plantar aponeurosis

First muscle layer:
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

**Tendons in first layer:
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 10

What is the action the Abductor halucis causes?

Answer 10

Abducts the great toe at MP joint

Flexes MP joint

Question 11

What innervates the Abductor hallucis?

Answer 11

Medial plantar: S1-2

Question 12

What is the action the Flexor digitorum brevis causes?

Answer 12

Flexes PIP joints of digits 2-5

Question 13

What innervates the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

Answer 13

Medial plantar: L5, S1-2

Question 14

What is the action the Abductor digiti minimi causes?

Answer 14

Abducts the little toe and the MP joint

Question 15

What innervates the Abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 15

Lateral plantar: S2-3

Question 16

What is the second muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 16

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

Question 17

What is the action the Quadratus Plantae causes?

Answer 17

Flexes the DIP joints of the digits 2-5

Question 18

What innervates the Quadratus Plantae?

Answer 18

Lateral plantar: S2-3

Question 19

What action does the lumbricals of the sole of the foot cause?

Answer 19

Flexes the MP joints and extends the PIP and DIP joints of the digits 2-5

Question 20

What inntervates the lumbricals of the sole of the foot?

Lumbrical 1
Lumbricals 2-4

Answer 20

Lumbrical 1- Medial plantar nerve (S2-3)

Lumbricals 2-4: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

Question 21

What are the muscles found in the third muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 21

Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 22

What action does the muscle Flexor hallucis brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 22

Flexes proximal phalanx of the first digit

Question 23

What action does the muscle Adductor hallucis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 23

Adducts the great toe at the MP joint

Question 24

What action does the muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 24

Flexes the PIP joint of the little toe

Question 25

What innervates the muscle Flexor hallucis brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 25

Medial plantar nerve: S2-3

Question 26

What innervates the muscle Adductor hallucis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 26

Lateral plantar: S2-3

Question 27

What innervates the muscle Flecor digiti minimi brevis for the third layer of muscle for the sole for the foot cause?

Answer 27

Lateral plantar S2-3

Question 28

What structures are found in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 28

Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon
Interossei Muscles: 3 Plantar (adductors), 4 Dorsal (abductors)

Question 29

What is the action for the Dorsal Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 29

Abducts digits 2-4

Flexes metatarsal-phalangeal joints

Question 30

What is the action for the Plantar Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 30

Adducts digits 3-5 at the MP joints towards the axis of the second toe

Flexes the MP joints and extends the PIP and DIP joints of digits 3-5

Question 31

What innervates the Dorsal Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 31

Lateral plantar nerve: S2-3

Question 32

What innervates the Plantar Interossei muscle for the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 32

Lateral plantar: S2-3