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OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck > Scalp And Meninges > Flashcards

Scalp And Meninges Flashcards

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0
Q

What is below the scalp?

A

Layer of bone that we call the skull. :-)

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1
Q

Layers of the Scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
App neurotic layer
Loose areolar tissue
Periosteum
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2
Q

3 layers of cranial meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

What is the danger area of the scalp?

A

Loose CT (areolar)

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4
Q

Why is that area the danger area of the scalp?

A

Infections can easily spread to eyelids and root of nose because the frontally inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than bone

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5
Q

What is the medical term for swelling around the eyes?

A

Periocular ecchymosis

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6
Q

Why does periocular ecchymosis result in swelling around the eyes?

A

Because the damage is in the danger area of the face (scalp) allowing blood to pool in the potential space of the loose CT

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7
Q

Where does an epidural hemorrhage occur?

A

Between the periosteal layer of the dura mater and the skull

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8
Q

What’s another word for epidural hemorrhage?

A

Extradural

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9
Q

What causes and epidural hemorrhage?

A

Tearing of the branches of the middle meningeal artery as a result of blunt trauma to the pterion

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal and meningeal

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11
Q

Where does the periosteal layer of the dura mater firmly attach?

A

The skull, duh…

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12
Q

What is the meningeal layer of the dura mater in close contact with?

A

The arachnoid mater

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13
Q

What does the subarachnoid space separate and what is it filled with?

A

It separates the arachnoid and pia mater and is filled with CSF

(Only normally occurring space)

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14
Q

What does the fall cerebri do?

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the brain

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15
Q

What are the three types of meningeal hemorrhages from best to worst prognosis?

A

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

16
Q

Name the 4 periosteal rural infoldings.

A

Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diafragma sellae

17
Q

Dural venous sinuses are located between what layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal and meningeal

18
Q

The confluence of sinuses is the meeting place for what Dural sinuses?

A

Superior saggital
Straight
Occipital
Transverse

19
Q

What are the leptons binges composed of?

A

Pia and arachnoid mater

20
Q

Sensory innervation of the dura mater occurs via what nerves?

A

V1
V2
V3
C1-2(3)

21
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Projections of the subarachnoid space through the dura mater into the Dural venous sinuses

22
Q

What is the purpose of arachnoid granulations?

A

Drainage of CSF

23
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

Potential space between the periosteal layer of the dura mater and the skull

24
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

Potential space between the meningeal layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

25
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Infection of the leptomeninges

26
Q

3 types of meningitis

A

Bacterial
Viral
Fungal

Also,
Paracytic
Non-paracytic

27
Q

4 symptoms of meningitis

A

Headache
Fever
Drowsiness
Nausea

28
Q

What is a cause of a subdural hemorrhage?

A

Child abuse or fall in elderly

29
Q

What is a cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Ruptured aneurysm

30
Q

Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhages.

A

Thunderclap headache

Rapidly fatal

31
Q

What are the three Dural partitions and what is there main task?

A

Falx cerebri - separate cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli - separates cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres
Diaphragma selli - covers hypophyseal fossa

32
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach to?

A

At the crista Galli and tentorium cerebelli

33
Q

What does he diaphragm selli have an opening for?

A

The infundibulum

34
Q

Where does the dura receive its main blood supply from?

A

Via the middle meningeal artery, which is a branch of the maxillary artery

35
Q

Innervation of the dura mater

A

V1
V2
V3
C1-2(3)

OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck (15 decks)

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