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OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck > Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Root of the Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What major structures are part of the root of the neck?

A

Esophagus

Trachea

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2
Q

What muscle are within the root of the neck?

A

SCM
Trapezius
Scalene

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3
Q

What are the arteries within the root of the neck?

A

3 subclavian branches

Vertebral
Inferior Thyroid
Deep Cervical

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4
Q

What veins are within the root of the neck?

A

Tributaries to the subclavian veins (i.e. int/ext jugular)

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5
Q

What nerves are within the root of the neck?

A

Phrenic
Vagus
Sympathetic Chains
Brachial Plexus

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6
Q

What muscle divides the neck into anterior and lateral/posterior triangles?

A

The Sternoclydomastoid Muscle

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Ant/Post Belly of Digastric

Sup Belly of Omohyoid

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8
Q

What are the vessels of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Int/Ext jugular veins

Int/Ext carotid arteries

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9
Q

What are the glands anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Thyroid

Parathyroid

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10
Q

What are the nerves of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Spinal n

Cranial n

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11
Q

What type of viscera is within the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus

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12
Q

What muscles are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

A

Levator scapulae
Splenius capitus
Scalene

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13
Q

What vessels are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

A 
Subclavian a 
Transverse cervical a
Suprascapular branches
Dorsal Scapular a
Ext. Jugular
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14
Q

What nerves are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

A

Spinal Accessory
Brachial Plexus
Superficial Branches of the cervical plexus

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15
Q

List the direct branches of the external carotid artery.

A 
Superior thyroid a
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior Auricular a
Maxillary a (terminal branch)
Superficial temporal a (temporal branch)
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16
Q

What triangles are the supra hyoid muscles located in?

A

Submental

Submandibular

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17
Q

What actions do the supra hyoid muscles perform?

A

Raise the hyoid

Depress the mandible

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18
Q

List the 5 supra hyoid muscles.

A

Digastric (ant/post belly)
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the Anterior belly of the digastric?

A

V3 Efferents

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the Posterior belly of the digastric?

A

General Efferents from VII

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Stylohyoid?

A

CN VII

22
Q

What is the innervation of the Mylohyoid?

A

V3 efferents

23
Q

What is the innervation of the Geniohyoid?

A

C1-3

24
Q

What triangle are the infra hyoids located in?

A

The Muscular Triangle

25
Q

What is the innervation of the infra hyoids?

A

Cervical Plexus specifically the Ansa Cervicalis

26
Q

What is the action of the infra hyoids?

A

Depress the hyoid bone

27
Q

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

28
Q

List the tributaries of the internal jugular vein.

A 
Facial v
Superior Thyroid v
Middel Thyroid v
Lingual v
Pharyngeal Plexus
Occipital v
29
Q

How many superior cervical ganglia and what are they?

A

3:
Cervicothoracic (stellate)
Middle Cervical
Superior Cervical

30
Q

What is the Carotid Body?

A

A chemoreceptor that is stimulated by chemical changes (changes in O2 levels) that helps control respiration

31
Q

Where is the Carotid Body located?

A

At the bifurcation of the common carotid as an ovoid body

32
Q

What is the Carotid Sinus?

A

A spindle shaped dilation that functions as a baroceptor and is stimulated by changes in BP

33
Q

Where is the Carotid Sinus located?

A

At the origin of the internal carotid artery

34
Q

Too what nerves can damage be found as a result of thyroid surgery and why?

A

The recurrent and external laryngeal nerves because they are closely entangled with the inferior thyroid arteries

35
Q

Unilateral injury of the thyroid nerves results in ____?

A

Hoarseness

36
Q

Bilateral injury of the thyroid nerves results in ____?

A

Aphonia

Laryngeal Spasm

37
Q

What can unintentional removal of the parathyroid gland result in and why?

A

Can result in teeny (severe convulsions) due to decline in serum calcium levels

38
Q

What are the 3 main causes of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Thyroid carcinoma in cervical sympathetic trunk
Pancoast’s Tumor at apex of lung (injury to stellate)
Penetrating neck trauma at cervical sympathetic nerves

39
Q

3 Signs of Horner’s Syndrome

A

Ipsilateral Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis

40
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve (especially V2, V3)

41
Q

What are common causes of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Aberrant blood vessels
Aneurysms
Chronic Meningeal Inflammation
Brain Tumors compressing CN V

42
Q

The facial artery is a branch of what major artery?

A

Internal Carotid

43
Q

What 3 arteries does the facial artery branch into?

A

Inferior labial
Superior labial
Lateral nasal

44
Q

The superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of what major artery?

A

External Carotid

45
Q

The superficial temporal artery branches into what 5 arteries?

A 
Transverse facial
Zygomatico-orbital 
Medial temporal
Anterior auricular
Frontal
46
Q

The facial vein begins as the angular from the confluence of what two veins?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

47
Q

The facial vein receives blood from what two veins?

A

Infraorbital

Deep facial

48
Q

What does the facial vein drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

49
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Formation of thrombosis in the cavernous sinus

50
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by?

A

Bacterial Infections

51
Q

What is the most common cause of spread of infection to the cavernous sinus?

A

Squeeze pimple above the upper lip near the noise

52
Q

What regulates secretion from the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

A

The pituitary glands

OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck (15 decks)

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