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OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck > Lab 3 Nerve Review > Flashcards

Lab 3 Nerve Review Flashcards

1
Q

What fibers originate from the oculomotor nucleus of CN III?

A

General Somatic Efferent Fibers

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2
Q

What fibers originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of CN III?

A

General Viscerall Efferent Fibers

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3
Q

Trace the pathway from Edinger-Westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion

A

Preganglionic parasympathetics travel w/ CN III to synapse with the ciliary ganglion

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4
Q

Trace the pathway of CN III from ciliary ganglion to it’s end destination

A

Postganglionic parasympathetics leave ciliary ganglion via short ciliary nerve to innervate sphincter pupillae and ciliary sphincter

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5
Q

Where does CN III travel within the cavernous sinus?

A

Within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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6
Q

How does CN III enter the orbit?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

What does CN III divide into after entering the orbit?

A

Into superior and inferior branches

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8
Q

What does the superior branch of CN III supply?

A

The legator palpebrae superioris

Superior rectus

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9
Q

What does the inferior branch of CN III supply?

A

Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

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10
Q

Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary LIGHT reflex

A

light on retina > CN II > brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)

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11
Q

Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary LIGHT reflex

A

brainstem (EW nucleus) > CN III (inf division) > ciliary ganglion > short ciliary nerves > sphincter pupillae

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12
Q

Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary DARK reflex

A

no light on retina > CN II > brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)

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13
Q

Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary DARK reflex up to the internal carotid plexus

A

brain > spinal cord > cervical ganglion (no synapse) > superior cervical ganglion > internal carotid plexus

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14
Q

What two pathways can be taken by the efferent fibers of the pupillary DARK reflex after the internal carotid plexus?

A

A. sympathetic root > ciliary ganglion (no synapse) > short ciliary nerves > dilator pupillae
B. V1 > nasociliary nerve > dilator pupillae

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15
Q

General Sensory Afferent fibers are located in what ganglion of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The trigeminal ganglion

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16
Q

What structures are supplied by the general sensory afferent fibers of the trigeminal nerves? (There are 8)

A 
Face
Scalp
Auricle
External Auditory Meatus
Nose
Paranasal Sinuses
Mouth (except post 1/3 of tongue) -sensation not taste
Dura Mater
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17
Q

Special Visceral Efferent fibers are located in what nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The motor nucleus of CN V

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18
Q

What structures are supplied by the special visceral efferent fibers of the motor nucleus of CN V?

A 
Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
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19
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V1?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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20
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V2?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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21
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V3?

A

Otic ganglion

Submandibular ganglion

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22
Q

What is the trigeminal ganglion also known as?

A

Meckel’s ganglion

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23
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

Sits on the petrous portion of the temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa in Meckel’s (trigeminal) cave.

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24
Q

List the 3 different types of hitchhiking fibers of CN V

A

Postganglionic parasympathetics from parasympathetic ganglion to target organs
Postganglionic sympathetics from ciliary ganglion and pterygopalatine ganglion to target organs
SA (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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25
How does VI exit the cranial fossa?
By traveling through the wall of the cavernous sinus and giving off the recurrent meningeal branch before passing through the superior orbital fissure
26
List 5 structures that receive GA innervation from V1
``` Cornea Lacrimal Gland Skin of forehead Scalp Eyelid Nose Dura of ant/post cranial fossa ```
27
What are the 4 branches of V1?
Meningeal branch Frontal n Lacrimal n Nasociliary n
28
What does the meningeal branch of V1 supply?
Dura of anterior cranial fossa
29
What does the frontal nerve of V1 supply? What are it's sub-branches?
Scalp Forehead Frontal Sinus Upper Eyelid Supraorbital Supratrochlear
30
What does the lacrimal nerve of V1 supply? What are it's sub-branches?
Lacrimal gland Conjunctiva Skin of Upper Eyelid Receives hitchhiking fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion > travel in V2
31
What do the many branches of the nasociliary nerve of V1 supply? (5 Branches, do not need to know ethmoidal)
Short ciliary n: postganglionic parasympathetic afferent fibers from cornea/iris Long ciliary n: postganglionic sympathetic fibers from cornea/iris Ant/Post Ethmoidal n Infratrochlear: GA's from root of nose
32
V2 exits the cranial cavity through what foramen?
Foramen Rotundum
33
Where does V2 enter the orbit?
Through inferior orbital fissure (aka infraorbital nerve)
34
What ganglion does V2 suspend?
The pterygopalatine ganglion
35
What are the 4 branches of V2?
Meningeal branch Zygomatic n Infraorbital n Hitchhiking fibers
36
What does the meningeal branch of V2 supply?
Dura of middle cranial fossa
37
What are the branches of the zygomatic n of V2 and what do they supply?
Zygomaticotemporal branch: skin over temple | Zygomaticofacial branch
38
What are the branches of the infraorbital n of V2?
Anterior superior alveolar n | Middle superior alveolar n
39
What are the hitchhiking fibers of V2?
Greater and Lesser Petrosal nerves (SA/taste fibers)
40
How does V3 exit the cranial cavity?
Through foramen ovale
41
What ganglia does V3 suspend?
Otic ganglion | Submandibular ganglion
42
What are the 9 branches of V3?
``` Meningeal branch Auricotemporal n Buccal Lingual Inferior Alveolar n Inferior Dental Plexus Incisive n Mental n Muscular branches of V3 ```
43
What does the meningeal branch of V3 supply?
Dura of middle cranial fossa
44
What does the auricotemporal branch of V3 do?
Passes through the parotid gland | Afferents from auricle, EAM, parotid gland, temple
45
What does the buccal branch of V3 do?
Pierces buccinator | Afferents from skin of cheek, buccal mucosa, posterior buccal gingivae
46
What does the lingual branch of V3 do?
Joined by chord tympani of CN VII Suspends submandibular ganglion Afferents from anterior 2/3 of tongue Hitchhiking fibers
47
What does the inferior alveolar nerve of V3 do?
GA's from chin, lower lip, lower teeth | GE's from mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric
48
What are the 4 branches of the muscular portion of V3?
Masseteric Temporal Later Pterygoid Medial Pterygoid
49
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve especially along V2 and V3 Can be set off by almost anything
50
CN VII provides GE fibers to what?
Muscles of facial expression Stapedius Posterior belly of the digastric Stylohyoid muscle
51
CN VII provides visceral efferent fibers to what?
Mucous glands of the nasal cavity Lacrimal gland Submandibular glands Sublingual glands
52
CN VII carries SA fibers for taste from what?
The anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
53
CN VII consists of a large root and small root. What types of roots are they?
A large motor root and a small sensory root also known as the nervus intermedius
54
What ganglion does CN VII form in the facial canal?
The geniculate ganglion which contains both GA and SA fibers
55
What are the 3 branches of CN VII?
Greater petrosal n Nerve to stapedius Chorda tympani
56
What does the greater petrosal nerve of CN VII do?
Travels through the petrous portion of the temporal bone into the middle cranial fossa Carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion
57
What does the nerve to stapedius of CN VII do?
Carries GE's to the stapedius muscle
58
What do the chorda tympani of CN VII do?
Joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa Carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to submandibular ganglion and SA fibers for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
59
CN VII exits the facial canal via what foramen?
The stylomastoid foramen
60
What branch does the CN VII give off before going to the parotid gland?
GE fibers to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric
61
What branch does CN VII give off within the parotid gland?
Posterior auricular
62
What 5 branches does CN VII give off for the muscles of facial expression?
``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```
63
The greater petrosal nerve carries what kind of fibers to the lacrimal gland?
Preganglionic parasympathetic
64
The deep petrosal nerve carries what kind of fibers and from where?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid plexus
65
The deep petrosal nerve and greater petrosal nerves form the nerve of what canal?
The pterygoid canal
66
The parasympathetic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse in what ganglion to reach the target organ?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
67
How do the parasympathetic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve reach the target organ?
By hitchhiking with zygomatic and lacrimal nerves
68
The chorda tympani carries what kind of fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Postganglionic parasympathetic
69
What kind of glands are the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Salivary glands
70
What type of fibers does the chorda tympani carry to the the tongue and how much of the tongue does it innervate?
Special Afferent | The anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
71
What kind of fibers of the chord tympani hitchhike with the lingual branch of the V3?
Preganglionic parasympathetics
72
What ganglion do the preganglionic parasympathetics of the chord tympani synapse in?
The submandibular ganglion
73
CN VII is vulnerable to swelling within what canal?
The facial canal
74
What is the consequence of injury to CN VII at the stylomastoid foramen?
Bell's Palsy
75
What are the consequences of injury to the chord tympani of CN VII in the infratemporal fossa?
Decreased salivary secretion | Loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
76
What are the consequences of injury to the zygomatic nerve within the orbit?
Loss of lacrimation | Facial anesthesia of upper cheek and anterior temple
77
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) exits the cranial cavity via what foramen?
The jugular foramen
78
CN IX carries what type of fibers to the parotid gland?
Visceral Efferent
79
CN IX carries visceral afferent fibers to what?
The carotid body | The carotid sinus
80
CN IX carries what type of fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Special afferents
81
The tympanic nerve of CN IX re-enters what part of the temporal bone to travel within the middle ear?
The petrous part
82
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve of CN IX form what plexus within the middle ear?
The tympanic plexus
83
What does the tympanic plexus become?
The lesser petrosal nerves
84
What ganglion does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve of CN IX synapse in?
The otic ganglion
85
After the otic ganglion the fibers of the tympanic nerve become postganglionic parasympathetic fibers and are distributed by what nerve to what gland?
Auricotemporal nerve to the parotid gland
86
The carotid sinus branch of CN IX carries what type of fibers to the carotid body and carotid sinus?
Visceral afferent
87
The pharyngeal branch of CN IX carries general afferent fibers to what part of the body?
The pharyngeal mucosa
88
The vagus nerved (CN X) exits the cranial cavity what foramen?
The jugular foramen
89
CN X carries general efferent fibers to muscles of what structures?
Pharynx Soft Palate Laryngeal muscles
90
CN X carries visceral efferent fibers to what?
The mucosal glands
91
CN X carries general afferents from what?
Skin of deep ear External Acoustic Meatus Dura of Posterior cranial fossa
92
CN X carries visceral afferents from what structures?
Aortic arch Carotid body Carotid sinus
93
What are the 3 branches of CN X?
Pharyngeal branches Carotid Body branch Superior laryngeal nerve
94
What 5 branches does the superior laryngeal nerve become?
Int/Ext carotid Cardiac branch Right/Left recurrent laryngeal branches
95
What part of the gag reflex does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) form?
The afferent limb
96
What part of the gag reflex does the vagus nerve (CN X) form?
The efferent limb
97
What are vagus nerve lesions typically due to?
Tumors or hemorrhages
98
How does the laryngeal branch of CN X usually get injured?
During complications in thyroid gland surgery
99
Unilateral injury of the laryngeal branch of CN X usually results in what?
Hoarseness
100
Bilateral injury of the laryngeal branch of CN X usually results in what?
Aphonia
101
CN VII provides visceral efferent innervation to the lacrimal gland via what nerve?
Greater petrosal
102
CN VII provides visceral efferent innervation to the sublingual and submandibular glands via what nerve?
Chorda tympani
103
CN VII provides SA innervation for taste to what part of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3
104
CN IX provides SA innervation for taste to what part of the tongue?
Posterior 1/3
105
CN IX provides visceral efferent innervation to the parotid gland via what nerve?
Lesser petrosal

OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck (15 decks)

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