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OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck > Lab 3 Nerve Review > Flashcards

Lab 3 Nerve Review Flashcards

1
Q

What fibers originate from the oculomotor nucleus of CN III?

A

General Somatic Efferent Fibers

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2
Q

What fibers originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of CN III?

A

General Viscerall Efferent Fibers

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3
Q

Trace the pathway from Edinger-Westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion

A

Preganglionic parasympathetics travel w/ CN III to synapse with the ciliary ganglion

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4
Q

Trace the pathway of CN III from ciliary ganglion to it’s end destination

A

Postganglionic parasympathetics leave ciliary ganglion via short ciliary nerve to innervate sphincter pupillae and ciliary sphincter

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5
Q

Where does CN III travel within the cavernous sinus?

A

Within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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6
Q

How does CN III enter the orbit?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

What does CN III divide into after entering the orbit?

A

Into superior and inferior branches

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8
Q

What does the superior branch of CN III supply?

A

The legator palpebrae superioris

Superior rectus

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9
Q

What does the inferior branch of CN III supply?

A

Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

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10
Q

Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary LIGHT reflex

A

light on retina > CN II > brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)

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11
Q

Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary LIGHT reflex

A

brainstem (EW nucleus) > CN III (inf division) > ciliary ganglion > short ciliary nerves > sphincter pupillae

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12
Q

Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary DARK reflex

A

no light on retina > CN II > brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)

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13
Q

Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary DARK reflex up to the internal carotid plexus

A

brain > spinal cord > cervical ganglion (no synapse) > superior cervical ganglion > internal carotid plexus

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14
Q

What two pathways can be taken by the efferent fibers of the pupillary DARK reflex after the internal carotid plexus?

A

A. sympathetic root > ciliary ganglion (no synapse) > short ciliary nerves > dilator pupillae
B. V1 > nasociliary nerve > dilator pupillae

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15
Q

General Sensory Afferent fibers are located in what ganglion of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The trigeminal ganglion

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16
Q

What structures are supplied by the general sensory afferent fibers of the trigeminal nerves? (There are 8)

A 
Face
Scalp
Auricle
External Auditory Meatus
Nose
Paranasal Sinuses
Mouth (except post 1/3 of tongue) -sensation not taste
Dura Mater
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17
Q

Special Visceral Efferent fibers are located in what nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The motor nucleus of CN V

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18
Q

What structures are supplied by the special visceral efferent fibers of the motor nucleus of CN V?

A 
Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
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19
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V1?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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20
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V2?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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21
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia is suspended by V3?

A

Otic ganglion

Submandibular ganglion

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22
Q

What is the trigeminal ganglion also known as?

A

Meckel’s ganglion

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23
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

Sits on the petrous portion of the temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa in Meckel’s (trigeminal) cave.

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24
Q

List the 3 different types of hitchhiking fibers of CN V

A

Postganglionic parasympathetics from parasympathetic ganglion to target organs
Postganglionic sympathetics from ciliary ganglion and pterygopalatine ganglion to target organs
SA (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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25
Q

How does VI exit the cranial fossa?

A

By traveling through the wall of the cavernous sinus and giving off the recurrent meningeal branch before passing through the superior orbital fissure

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26
Q

List 5 structures that receive GA innervation from V1

A 
Cornea
Lacrimal Gland
Skin of forehead
Scalp
Eyelid
Nose
Dura of ant/post cranial fossa
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27
Q

What are the 4 branches of V1?

A

Meningeal branch
Frontal n
Lacrimal n
Nasociliary n

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28
Q

What does the meningeal branch of V1 supply?

A

Dura of anterior cranial fossa

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29
Q

What does the frontal nerve of V1 supply? What are it’s sub-branches?

A

Scalp
Forehead
Frontal Sinus
Upper Eyelid

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear

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30
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve of V1 supply? What are it’s sub-branches?

A

Lacrimal gland
Conjunctiva
Skin of Upper Eyelid

Receives hitchhiking fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion > travel in V2

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31
Q

What do the many branches of the nasociliary nerve of V1 supply? (5 Branches, do not need to know ethmoidal)

A

Short ciliary n: postganglionic parasympathetic afferent fibers from cornea/iris
Long ciliary n: postganglionic sympathetic fibers from cornea/iris
Ant/Post Ethmoidal n
Infratrochlear: GA’s from root of nose

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32
Q

V2 exits the cranial cavity through what foramen?

A

Foramen Rotundum

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33
Q

Where does V2 enter the orbit?

A

Through inferior orbital fissure (aka infraorbital nerve)

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34
Q

What ganglion does V2 suspend?

A

The pterygopalatine ganglion

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35
Q

What are the 4 branches of V2?

A

Meningeal branch
Zygomatic n
Infraorbital n
Hitchhiking fibers

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36
Q

What does the meningeal branch of V2 supply?

A

Dura of middle cranial fossa

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37
Q

What are the branches of the zygomatic n of V2 and what do they supply?

A

Zygomaticotemporal branch: skin over temple

Zygomaticofacial branch

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38
Q

What are the branches of the infraorbital n of V2?

A

Anterior superior alveolar n

Middle superior alveolar n

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39
Q

What are the hitchhiking fibers of V2?

A

Greater and Lesser Petrosal nerves (SA/taste fibers)

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40
Q

How does V3 exit the cranial cavity?

A

Through foramen ovale

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41
Q

What ganglia does V3 suspend?

A

Otic ganglion

Submandibular ganglion

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42
Q

What are the 9 branches of V3?

A 
Meningeal branch
Auricotemporal n
Buccal
Lingual
Inferior Alveolar n
Inferior Dental Plexus
Incisive n
Mental n
Muscular branches of V3
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43
Q

What does the meningeal branch of V3 supply?

A

Dura of middle cranial fossa

44
Q

What does the auricotemporal branch of V3 do?

A

Passes through the parotid gland

Afferents from auricle, EAM, parotid gland, temple

45
Q

What does the buccal branch of V3 do?

A

Pierces buccinator

Afferents from skin of cheek, buccal mucosa, posterior buccal gingivae

46
Q

What does the lingual branch of V3 do?

A

Joined by chord tympani of CN VII
Suspends submandibular ganglion
Afferents from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Hitchhiking fibers

47
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve of V3 do?

A

GA’s from chin, lower lip, lower teeth

GE’s from mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric

48
Q

What are the 4 branches of the muscular portion of V3?

A

Masseteric
Temporal
Later Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

49
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve especially along V2 and V3
Can be set off by almost anything

50
Q

CN VII provides GE fibers to what?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Posterior belly of the digastric
Stylohyoid muscle

51
Q

CN VII provides visceral efferent fibers to what?

A

Mucous glands of the nasal cavity
Lacrimal gland
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

52
Q

CN VII carries SA fibers for taste from what?

A

The anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

53
Q

CN VII consists of a large root and small root. What types of roots are they?

A

A large motor root and a small sensory root also known as the nervus intermedius

54
Q

What ganglion does CN VII form in the facial canal?

A

The geniculate ganglion which contains both GA and SA fibers

55
Q

What are the 3 branches of CN VII?

A

Greater petrosal n
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani

56
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve of CN VII do?

A

Travels through the petrous portion of the temporal bone into the middle cranial fossa
Carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion

57
Q

What does the nerve to stapedius of CN VII do?

A

Carries GE’s to the stapedius muscle

58
Q

What do the chorda tympani of CN VII do?

A

Joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa
Carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to submandibular ganglion and SA fibers for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

59
Q

CN VII exits the facial canal via what foramen?

A

The stylomastoid foramen

60
Q

What branch does the CN VII give off before going to the parotid gland?

A

GE fibers to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric

61
Q

What branch does CN VII give off within the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular

62
Q

What 5 branches does CN VII give off for the muscles of facial expression?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
63
Q

The greater petrosal nerve carries what kind of fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic

64
Q

The deep petrosal nerve carries what kind of fibers and from where?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid plexus

65
Q

The deep petrosal nerve and greater petrosal nerves form the nerve of what canal?

A

The pterygoid canal

66
Q

The parasympathetic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse in what ganglion to reach the target organ?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

67
Q

How do the parasympathetic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve reach the target organ?

A

By hitchhiking with zygomatic and lacrimal nerves

68
Q

The chorda tympani carries what kind of fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic

69
Q

What kind of glands are the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Salivary glands

70
Q

What type of fibers does the chorda tympani carry to the the tongue and how much of the tongue does it innervate?

A

Special Afferent

The anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

71
Q

What kind of fibers of the chord tympani hitchhike with the lingual branch of the V3?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetics

72
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic parasympathetics of the chord tympani synapse in?

A

The submandibular ganglion

73
Q

CN VII is vulnerable to swelling within what canal?

A

The facial canal

74
Q

What is the consequence of injury to CN VII at the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Bell’s Palsy

75
Q

What are the consequences of injury to the chord tympani of CN VII in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Decreased salivary secretion

Loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

76
Q

What are the consequences of injury to the zygomatic nerve within the orbit?

A

Loss of lacrimation

Facial anesthesia of upper cheek and anterior temple

77
Q

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) exits the cranial cavity via what foramen?

A

The jugular foramen

78
Q

CN IX carries what type of fibers to the parotid gland?

A

Visceral Efferent

79
Q

CN IX carries visceral afferent fibers to what?

A

The carotid body

The carotid sinus

80
Q

CN IX carries what type of fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Special afferents

81
Q

The tympanic nerve of CN IX re-enters what part of the temporal bone to travel within the middle ear?

A

The petrous part

82
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve of CN IX form what plexus within the middle ear?

A

The tympanic plexus

83
Q

What does the tympanic plexus become?

A

The lesser petrosal nerves

84
Q

What ganglion does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve of CN IX synapse in?

A

The otic ganglion

85
Q

After the otic ganglion the fibers of the tympanic nerve become postganglionic parasympathetic fibers and are distributed by what nerve to what gland?

A

Auricotemporal nerve to the parotid gland

86
Q

The carotid sinus branch of CN IX carries what type of fibers to the carotid body and carotid sinus?

A

Visceral afferent

87
Q

The pharyngeal branch of CN IX carries general afferent fibers to what part of the body?

A

The pharyngeal mucosa

88
Q

The vagus nerved (CN X) exits the cranial cavity what foramen?

A

The jugular foramen

89
Q

CN X carries general efferent fibers to muscles of what structures?

A

Pharynx
Soft Palate
Laryngeal muscles

90
Q

CN X carries visceral efferent fibers to what?

A

The mucosal glands

91
Q

CN X carries general afferents from what?

A

Skin of deep ear
External Acoustic Meatus
Dura of Posterior cranial fossa

92
Q

CN X carries visceral afferents from what structures?

A

Aortic arch
Carotid body
Carotid sinus

93
Q

What are the 3 branches of CN X?

A

Pharyngeal branches
Carotid Body branch
Superior laryngeal nerve

94
Q

What 5 branches does the superior laryngeal nerve become?

A

Int/Ext carotid
Cardiac branch
Right/Left recurrent laryngeal branches

95
Q

What part of the gag reflex does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) form?

A

The afferent limb

96
Q

What part of the gag reflex does the vagus nerve (CN X) form?

A

The efferent limb

97
Q

What are vagus nerve lesions typically due to?

A

Tumors or hemorrhages

98
Q

How does the laryngeal branch of CN X usually get injured?

A

During complications in thyroid gland surgery

99
Q

Unilateral injury of the laryngeal branch of CN X usually results in what?

A

Hoarseness

100
Q

Bilateral injury of the laryngeal branch of CN X usually results in what?

A

Aphonia

101
Q

CN VII provides visceral efferent innervation to the lacrimal gland via what nerve?

A

Greater petrosal

102
Q

CN VII provides visceral efferent innervation to the sublingual and submandibular glands via what nerve?

A

Chorda tympani

103
Q

CN VII provides SA innervation for taste to what part of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3

104
Q

CN IX provides SA innervation for taste to what part of the tongue?

A

Posterior 1/3

105
Q

CN IX provides visceral efferent innervation to the parotid gland via what nerve?

A

Lesser petrosal

OPTM 5004 - Head and Neck (15 decks)

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