SC, PNS, ANS Flashcards
Spinocerebellar tracts ________.
1) terminate in the spinal cord
2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
3) give rise to conscious experience of perception
4) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.
1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
2) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
3) the thalamus
4) sympathetic ganglia
1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
The abducens nerve ________.
1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
2) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
3) exits from the medulla
4) if paralyzed, exhibits Bell’s palsy
1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?
1) touch
2) pressure
3) pain
4) temperature
5) baroreceptor
Baroreceptor
The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.
True
A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.
1) anticholinesterase
2) epinephrine
3) norepinephrine
4) a beta-blocker
a beta-blocker
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?
1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
2) synapase with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
3) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
4) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Which of the following statements is not true?
1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
2) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served.
3) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
4) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the ________.
1) sympathetic nervous system
2) cerebrum
3) parasympathetic nervous system
4) somatic nervous system
1) sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
1) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
3) preganglionic fibers are short
4) preganglionic fibers are long
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
1) interoceptors
2) photoreceptors
3) nociceptors
4) proprioceptors
3) nociceptors
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
1) parasympathetic innervation
2) sympathetic stimulation
3) vagus nerve activity
4) neurosecretory substances
2) sympathetic stimulation
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
1) smell receptors
2) pressure receptors
3) nociceptors
4) touch receptors
3) nociceptors
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
1) oculomotor
2) olfactory
3) trigeminal
4) facial
2) olfactory
Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
1) regulation of pupil size
2) regulation of cardiac rate
3) regulation of respiratory rate
4) regulation of body temperature
Regulation of body temperature
Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
True
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.
1) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
2) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
4) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.
1) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
3) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
4) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves
False
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.
1) upper motor neurons
2) lower motor neurons
3) spinal nerve roots
4) neuromotor junction
Upper motor neurons
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
1) smooth muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) skeletal muscle
4) most glands
Skeletal muscle
Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?
1) in the head
2) in the cervical region
3) close to the visceral effectors they serve
4) in the armpit
In the armpit
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
True
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.
1) interoceptors
2) exteroceptors
3) proprioceptors
4) mechanoreceptors
Exteroceptors
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
1) sympathetic trunk
2) phrenic nerve
3) vagus nerve
4) sacral nerve
Vagus nerve
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
1) pyramidal and corticospinal
2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
3) segmental and nigrostriatal
4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
pyramidal and corticospinal
The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons.
False
Inborn or intristic reflexes are ________.
1) rapid, predictable, learned responses
2) involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
3) autonomic only
4) always mediated by the brain
involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.
True
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.
1) spinal cord
2) medulla
3) thalamus
4) somatosensory cortex
Thalamus
The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.
False
The white rami communicantes ________.
1) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments
2) are unmyelinated
3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
4) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery
3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.
True
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
1) paraplegia
2) hemiplegia
3) quadriplegia
4) spinal shock only
Paraplegia
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.
1) V
2) VII
3) X
4) XII
X
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________.
1) corpus callosum
2) cerebral cortex
3) corticospinal tracts
4) outer portion of the spinal cord
Cerebral cortex
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
True
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
1) afferent nerves
2) efferent nerves
3) motor nerves
4) mixed nerves
Afferent nerves
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
1) second cervical
2) third lumbar
3) first coccyx
4) first thoracic
First thoracic
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.
1) white rami communicantes
2) gray rami communicantes
3) spinal nerves
4) splanchnic nerves
Splanchnic nerves
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
1) smooth muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) skeletal muscle
4) most glands
skeletal muscle
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
True
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.
1) interoceptors
2) exteroceptors
3) proprioceptors
4) mechanoreceptors
exteroceptors
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
1) sympathetic trunk
2) phrenic nerve
3) vagus nerve
4) sacral nerve
vagus nerve
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
1) pyramidal and corticospinal
2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
3) segmental and nigrostriatal
4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
pyramidal and corticospinal
Inborn or intristic reflexes are ________.
1) rapid, predictable, learned responses
2) involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
3) autonomic only
4) always mediated by the brain
involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.
True
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.
1) spinal cord
2) medulla
3) thalamus
4) somatosensory cortex
thalamus
The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.
False
The white rami communicantes ________.
1) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments
2) are unmyelinated
3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
4) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery
carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.
True
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
1) paraplegia
2) hemiplegia
3) quadriplegia
4) spinal shock only
paraplegia
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.
1) V
2) VII
3) X
4) XII
X
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________.
Question 16 options:
1)
corpus callosum
2)
cerebral cortex
3)
corticospinal tracts
4) outer portion of the spinal cord
cerebral cortex
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
True
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
1) afferent nerves
2) efferent nerves
3) motor nerves
4) mixed nerves
afferent nerves
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
1) second cervical
2) third lumbar
3) first coccyx
4) first thoracic
First thoracic
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.
1) white rami communicantes
2) gray rami communicantes
3) spinal nerves
4) splanchnic nerves
splancnic nerves
Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.
True
Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.
False
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.
False
The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.
1) optic
2) oculomotor
3) trochlear
4) abducens
oculomotor
The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.
True
The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are mostly under sympathetic control.
True
Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve?
1) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
2) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
3) those that synapse with somatic fibers
4) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
1) parasympathetic division
2) sympathetic division
3) somatic division
4) peripheral nervous system
parasympathetic division
In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.
True
The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.
False
Beta-blockers ________.
1) increase a dangerously low heart rate
2) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
3) have widespread sympathetic effects
4) are potent antidepressants
decrease heart rate and blood pressure
The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________.
1) hypoglossal
2) accessory
3) vagus
4) glossopharyngeal
accessory
Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?
1) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor
2) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
3) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor
4) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.
True
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
1) salivation
2) dilation of the pupils
3) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
4) elimination of urine
Dilation of the pupils
The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of a(n) ________.
1) extensor thrust reflex
2) stress reflex
3) crossed-extensor reflex
4) stretch reflex
stretch reflex
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.
1) Mostly myelinated nerve fibers.
2) unmyelinated nerve fibers only.
3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
Mostly myelinated nerve fibers.
Transduction refers to conversion of ________.
1) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses
2) stimulus information to nerve impulses
3) receptor energy to stimulus energy
4) afferent impulses to efferent impulses
stimulus information to nerve impulses
A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?
Question 19 options:
1) glossopharyngeal
2) vagus
3) olfactory
4) accessory
olfactory
Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.
True
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
1) parasympathetic innervation
2) sympathetic stimulation
3) vagus nerve activity
4) neurosecretory substances
sympathetic stimulation
Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve?
1) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
2) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
3) those that synapse with somatic fibers
4) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
True
Beta-blockers ________.
1) increase a dangerously low heart rate
2) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
3) have widespread sympathetic effects
4) are potent antidepressants
decrease heart rate and blood pressure
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
1) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
3) preganglionic fibers are short
4) preganglionic fibers are long
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.
True
Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.
True
Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.
1) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
3) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
4) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.
1) anticholinesterase
2) epinephrine
3) norepinephrine
4) a beta-blocker
A beta-blocker
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
1) pyramidal and corticospinal
2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
3) segmental and nigrostriatal
4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
Pyramidal and corticospinal
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.
1) Mostly myelinated nerve fibers.
2) unmyelinated nerve fibers only.
3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.
False
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.
1) white rami communicantes
2) gray rami communicantes
3) spinal nerves
4) splanchnic nerves
4) splanchnic nerves
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
1) paraplegia
2) hemiplegia
3) quadriplegia
4) spinal shock only
paraplegia
The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.
True
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.
1) V
2) VII
3) X
4) XII
3) X
In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.
True
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________.
1) corpus callosum
2) cerebral cortex
3) corticospinal tracts
4) outer portion of the spinal cord
cerebral cortex
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.
1) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
2) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
4) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
1) sympathetic trunk
2) phrenic nerve
3) vagus nerve
4) sacral nerve
Vagus nerve
