SC, PNS, ANS Flashcards
Spinocerebellar tracts ________.
1) terminate in the spinal cord
2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
3) give rise to conscious experience of perception
4) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.
1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
2) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
3) the thalamus
4) sympathetic ganglia
1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
The abducens nerve ________.
1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
2) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
3) exits from the medulla
4) if paralyzed, exhibits Bell’s palsy
1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?
1) touch
2) pressure
3) pain
4) temperature
5) baroreceptor
Baroreceptor
The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.
True
A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.
1) anticholinesterase
2) epinephrine
3) norepinephrine
4) a beta-blocker
a beta-blocker
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?
1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
2) synapase with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
3) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
4) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Which of the following statements is not true?
1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
2) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served.
3) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
4) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the ________.
1) sympathetic nervous system
2) cerebrum
3) parasympathetic nervous system
4) somatic nervous system
1) sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
1) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
3) preganglionic fibers are short
4) preganglionic fibers are long
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
1) interoceptors
2) photoreceptors
3) nociceptors
4) proprioceptors
3) nociceptors
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
1) parasympathetic innervation
2) sympathetic stimulation
3) vagus nerve activity
4) neurosecretory substances
2) sympathetic stimulation
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
1) smell receptors
2) pressure receptors
3) nociceptors
4) touch receptors
3) nociceptors
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
1) oculomotor
2) olfactory
3) trigeminal
4) facial
2) olfactory
Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
1) regulation of pupil size
2) regulation of cardiac rate
3) regulation of respiratory rate
4) regulation of body temperature
Regulation of body temperature
Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
True
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.
1) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
2) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
4) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.
1) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
3) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
4) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves
False
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.
1) upper motor neurons
2) lower motor neurons
3) spinal nerve roots
4) neuromotor junction
Upper motor neurons
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
1) smooth muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) skeletal muscle
4) most glands
Skeletal muscle
Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?
1) in the head
2) in the cervical region
3) close to the visceral effectors they serve
4) in the armpit
In the armpit
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
True
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.
1) interoceptors
2) exteroceptors
3) proprioceptors
4) mechanoreceptors
Exteroceptors
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
1) sympathetic trunk
2) phrenic nerve
3) vagus nerve
4) sacral nerve
Vagus nerve
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
1) pyramidal and corticospinal
2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
3) segmental and nigrostriatal
4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
pyramidal and corticospinal
The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons.
False
Inborn or intristic reflexes are ________.
1) rapid, predictable, learned responses
2) involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
3) autonomic only
4) always mediated by the brain
involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.
True
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.
1) spinal cord
2) medulla
3) thalamus
4) somatosensory cortex
Thalamus
The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.
False
The white rami communicantes ________.
1) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments
2) are unmyelinated
3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
4) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery
3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.
True
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
1) paraplegia
2) hemiplegia
3) quadriplegia
4) spinal shock only
Paraplegia
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.
1) V
2) VII
3) X
4) XII
X
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________.
1) corpus callosum
2) cerebral cortex
3) corticospinal tracts
4) outer portion of the spinal cord
Cerebral cortex
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
True
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
1) afferent nerves
2) efferent nerves
3) motor nerves
4) mixed nerves
Afferent nerves
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
1) second cervical
2) third lumbar
3) first coccyx
4) first thoracic
First thoracic
