SC - Human Genome 1

Question 1

What forms the fundamental unit of chromosomal packing?

Answer 1

Nucleosomes

Question 2

What does coiling and supercoiling of nucleosomes form?

Answer 2

Chromatin and Chromosomes

Question 3

What are the 2 models of coiling?

Answer 3

1. Supercoiling nucleosomes
2. Radial-loop scaffold model

Question 4

What are the most condensed form of chromosomes?

Answer 4

Metaphase Chromosomes

Question 5

How does G-banding work?

Answer 5

• Staining of chromosomes using Giemsa stain

Question 6

What part of the chromosome stains darker?

Answer 6

• Heterochromatic AT-rich chromatin stains denser
• Euchromatic GC-rich chromatin stains fainter

Question 7

What is karyotyping ? What can it be used for?

Answer 7

• Process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism
• Used to detect abnormalities in chromosomes

Question 8

What is a Genome?

Answer 8

Sum total of all genetic information in an organism

Question 9

What are some features of Prokaryotic genomes? (3)

Answer 9

1. Single circular genome (haploid)
2. Carry episomes (plasmid)
3. Small and compact

Question 10

What are some features of Eukaryotic genomes? (3)

Answer 10

1. Multiple copies of chromosomes within the nucleus (diploid)
2. Circular mitochondrial and plastid DNA
3. Larger genomes

Question 11

When did human genome sequencing begin?

Answer 11

1990