KAL - PCR and Epigenetics

Question 1

How do you test for single gene defects?

Answer 1

PCR

• Allows you to amplify a sequence of DNA from a single cell

Question 2

How are insertion/deletion mutations detected with PCR?

Answer 2

Using gel electrophoresis

Question 3

What are DNA methylation changes linked to?

Answer 3

Non-communicable diseases

Question 4

What is the main cause of breast cancer?

Answer 4

Altered DNA methylation of BRCA1 gene

Question 5

Does DNA methylation change as we age

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What are the 2 main environmental factors which alter DNA methylation?

Answer 6

1) Pollutants

• Smoking exposure in adulthood alters methylation patterns (especially in pregnant mothers can alter the child’s patterns)

2) Diet and Nutrition

• Maternal diet can alter DNA methylation in the child