AM - Stem Cells and Differentiation

Question 1

What are the 2 categories of growth?

Answer 1

Continuous

• Fish & Crustaceans

Determinate

• Birds & Mammals
  (Somatic cells are replaced in adults)

Question 2

Can permanent cells (e.g eye lens, auditory hair cells) be replaced?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What are the 3 types of stem cells?

Answer 3

1. Unipotent- become one cell type
2. Multipotent/Pluripotent- become several/many
3. Totipotent- become ALL cell types

Question 4

Which stem cell evolves into gut epithelium?

Answer 4

MULTIPOTENT

Question 5

What are 3 sources of stem cells?

Answer 5

1) Culture cells from early embryo
2) Adult stem cell collection and culture
3) De-differentiate adult cells in culture

Question 6

What is an issue with using cultured cells from early embryos?

Answer 6

Possible rejection as DNA is from a different individual

Question 7

What is the most ideal approach ethically and imunologically

Answer 7

Adult stem cell collection

Question 8

What are 3 challenges associated with 3D printing of organs?

Answer 8

1. Adapt technologies designed to print molten plastics and metals to instead print sensitive living cells
2. Recreate the fine structure of the ECM to
   allow biological function
3. Incorporate multiple cell types in sufficient resolution

Question 9

Challenges of Scaffold-based engineering include?

Answer 9

1. Immune or inflammatory response against scaffold matrix
2. Mechanical mismatch with surrounding tissue
3. Difficulty in getting uniform distribution of high numbers of cells throughout the matrix
4. Difficulty in precise positioning of different cell types

Question 10

What are mini-tissues?

Answer 10

Mini-tissues can be fabricated and assembled into a larger structure by rational design or self-assembly