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Pharmacology > SBJ drugs > Flashcards

SBJ drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Vismodegib (mechanism and use)

A

Molecular inhibitor in the PTCH Hedghog pathway

Used to treat basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Imiquimod (mechanism and 2 uses)

A 
TLR7 agonist (induces inflammation)
Used to treat verrucae vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum
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3
Q

Belimumab (mechanism and use)

A

Inhibits Blys -> decreases B cell survival and differentiation
Used in SLE joint & muscle problems

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4
Q

Teriparatide (mechanism)

A

Recombinant PTH (increases osteoblast activity)

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5
Q

Teriparatide (use)

A

Severe osteoporosis

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6
Q

Teriparatide (side effects)

A

Paget disease of the bone
Elevated alk phos
Orthostatic hypotension
Nausea, hypercalcemia

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7
Q

Aspirin (mechanism)

A

NSAID
Irriversibly inhibits COX-1 & 2 (covalent acetylation)
No effects on PT, PTT, but increases bleeding time

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8
Q

Aspirin (3 uses)

A

Low dose: inhibits platelet aggregation
Intermediate dose: antipyretic and analgesic
High dose: anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

Aspirin (5 side effects)

A

Gastric ulceration
Tinnitus
Acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis
Reye syndrome in children
Stimulates resp center (get hyperventilation and resp alkalosis)
Bronchoconstriction (from stimulating lipooxygenase pathway and increasing LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) -> “aspirin-sensitive asthma”

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10
Q

Ibuprofen (mechanism)

A

NSAID: same as naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac

Reversibly inhibit COX-1 & 2

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11
Q

Ibuprofen (3 uses)

A

NSAID: same as naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

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12
Q

Ibuprofen (2 side effects)

A

NSAID: same as naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac
GU
Interstitial nephritis, renal ischemia (PGs normally vasodilate afferent arteriole)

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13
Q

Naproxen (mechanism)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac
Reversibly inhibit COX-1 & 2

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14
Q

Naproxen (3 uses)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac
Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory (acute gout)

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15
Q

Naproxen (2 side effects)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac
GU
Interstitial nephritis, renal ischemia (PGs normally vasodilate afferent arteriole)

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16
Q

Indomethacin (mechanism)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, diclofenac

Reversibly inhibit COX-1 & 2

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17
Q

Indomethacin (4 uses)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, diclofenac
Close PDA (different from other NSAIDs)
Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory (acute gout)

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18
Q

Indomethacin (2 side effects)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, diclofenac
GU
Interstitial nephritis, renal ischemia (PGs normally vasodilate afferent arteriole)

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19
Q

Ketorolac (mechanism)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac

Reversibly inhibit COX-1 & 2

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20
Q

Ketorolac (3 uses)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

21
Q

Ketorolac (2 side effects)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac
GU
Interstitial nephritis, renal ischemia (PGs normally vasodilate afferent arteriole)

22
Q

Diclofenac (mechanism)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac

Reversibly inhibit COX-1 & 2

23
Q

Diclofenac (3 uses)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

24
Q

Diclofenac (2 side effects)

A

NSAID: same as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac
GU
Interstitial nephritis, renal ischemia (PGs normally vasodilate afferent arteriole)

25
Q

Celecoxib (mechanism)

A

Reversibly inhibits COX-2 (so no effects on gastric mucosa or platelet fx)

26
Q

Celecoxib (4 uses)

A

RA
Osteoarthritis
Gastritis
Ulcers

27
Q

Celecoxib (2 side effects)

A

Risk of thrombosis (CI in cardiovascular disease)

Sulfa allergy

28
Q

Acetaminophen (mechanism)

A

Tylenol is an example

Reversibly inhibits COX, mostly in CNS (inactivated peripherally)

29
Q

Acetaminophen (2 uses)

A

Antipyretic, analgesic
NOT anti-inflammatory
Use this if problems with stomach irritation (no COX-1i) or sulfa allergy/CAD (no COX-2i)

30
Q

Acetaminophen (side effect and antidote)

A

Hepatic necrosis in overdose (NAPQI metabolite depletes glutathione and forms toxin in liver) -> fixed w/ N-acetylcysteine (acts as glutathione substitue and provides sulfhydryl groups to enhance sulfation elimination)

31
Q

Allopurinol (mechanism)

A

Noncompetitively inhibits xanthine oxidase (so less production of uric acid)

32
Q

Allopurinol (2 uses)

A

Gout (chronic drug)

Prevents tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy in lymphoma, leukemia

33
Q

Allopurinol (side effects)

A

Increases conc of azathioprine and 6-MP
Don’t give salicylates
Can precipitate gout attack

34
Q

Febuxostat (mechanism an use)

A 
Inhibits xanthine oxidase (so less production of uric acid)
For gout (chronic drug)
35
Q

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone (mechanism)

A

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (so increases excretion of uric acid)

36
Q

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone (2 uses)

A

Gout (chronic drug)
Probenezid: to prolong action of penicillin by decreasing its renal clearance (inhibits tubular organic acid secretion system)

37
Q

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone (side effects)

A

Inhibits penicillin secretion

Don’t use in pts w/ kidney stones or those excreting excessive amounts of uric acid in urine

38
Q

Colchicine (mechanism)

A

Binds and stabilizes tubulin -> inhibits microtubule polymerization -> impairs leukocyte (neutrophil) chemotaxis and degranulation

39
Q

Colchicine (use)

A

Acute gout attack

40
Q

Colchicine (side effect)

A

GI (massive diarrhea, maybe n/v & abd pain)

41
Q

Etanercept (mechanism)

A

Fusion protein (TNF-a receptor + IgG1 Fc) produced by recombinant DNA -> so a TNF DECOY receptor

42
Q

Etanercept (3 uses)

A

RA
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis

43
Q

Etanercept (side effect)

A

TB reactivation (or predisposition to infection in general)

44
Q

Certolizumab pegol (mechanism and use)

A

Targets TNF-a, lacks Fc region so doesn’t activate complement and cell-mediated toxicity
Used for autoimmune diseases assc. w/ elevated TNF-a

45
Q

Vemurafenib (mechanism and use)

A

BRAF kinase inhibitor

For melanoma in pts w/ BRAF V600E

46
Q

Hydroxychloroquine (3 uses)

A

Seroneg RA
SLE
Malaria

47
Q

Hydroxychloroquine (side effect)

A

Permanent retinal damage

48
Q

Rasburicase (mechanism and use)

A

RasbURICase
Recombinant urate oxidase -> converts uric acid to allantoin which is much more soluble
For prevention and tx of renal manifestations of tumor lysis syndrome

49
Q

Calcipotriene (calcipotriol), calcitriol, and tacalcitol (mechanism and use)

A

Vit D analogs -> activate vit D nuclear TF -> inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and stimulates its differentiation
Topical for psoriasis

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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