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Pharmacology > Resp drugs > Flashcards

Resp drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Palivizumab (mechanism and use)

A

Monoclonal Ab against F protein

Prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premies

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2
Q

Gemcitabine (mechanism and use)

A

EGFR inhibitor

For NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation (adenocarcinoma)

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3
Q

Nitrites (mechanism and use)

A

Oxidizes Hb to methemoglobin, which binds cyanide

For cyanide poisoning

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4
Q

Thiosulfate (mechanism and use)

A

Binds cyanide

For cyanide poisoning

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5
Q

Methylene blue (use)

A

Treat methemoglobinemia

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6
Q

1st generation H1 blockers (mechanism)

A

Names w/ “-en/-ine” or “-en/-ate” -> diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine,
Others: hydroxyzine, promethazine
1st generation H1 blocker (reversible) -> considered REVERSE blockade b/c it works by increasing the proportion of inactive H1 receptors
Crosses BBB

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7
Q

1st generation H1 blockers (3 uses)

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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8
Q

1st generation H1 blockers (4 side effects)

A

Sedation (crosses BBB)
Antimuscarinic
Anti alpha adrenergic
Paradoxical rxn (increased HR, palpitations, hyperactivity)

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9
Q

“-adine” + cetirizine (mechanism)

A

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
2nd generation H1 blocker (reversible) -> considered REVERSE blockade b/c it works by increasing the proportion of inactive H1 receptors
Doesn’t cross BBB as well so less sedating than 1st gen

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10
Q

“-adine” + cetirizine (use)

A

Allergy

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11
Q

Guaifenesin (use)

A

Expectorant (thins resp secretions)

Doesn’t suppress cough reflex

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12
Q

N-acetylcysteine (3 uses)

A

Expectorant (mucolytic; can help loosen mucous plugs in CF by cleaving disulfide bonds w/in glycoproteins)
Antidote for acetaminophen overdose
Prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy

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13
Q

Dextromethorphan (mechanism)

A

Antagonizes NMDA receptors

Synthetic codein analog

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14
Q

Dextromethorphan (use)

A

Antitussive

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15
Q

Dextromethorphan (side effect)

A

Mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential

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16
Q

Dextromethorphan (antidote)

A

Naloxone

17
Q

Theophylline (mechanism)

A

A methylxanthine

Inhibits cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) -> increased cAMP -> bronchodilation

18
Q

Theophylline (use and side effects)

A

Asthma drug
But usage limited b/c narrow therapeutic index (SEIZURES AND TACHYARRHYTHMIAS!) -> treat tachyarrhythmias w/ beta blockers, seizures w/ benzodiazepines and barbiturates
Blocks actions of adenosine (caffeine does the same thing)

19
Q

Theophylline (metabolism)

A

P-450

20
Q

“-asone” (mechanism)

A

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Corticosteroids - inactivates NF-KB transcription factor -> inhibits synthesis of virtuall all cytokines

21
Q

“-asone” (use)

A

1st line for chronic asthma

22
Q

“-lukast” (mechanism)

A

Montelukast, zafirlukast -> “Lukas blocks receptors”

Blocks leukotriene receptors CysLT1

23
Q

“-lukast” (use)

A

Asthma (esp good for aspirin-induced asthma)

24
Q

Zileuton (mechanism)

A

Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase pathway -> can’t convert arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

25
Q

Zileuton (use)

A

Asthma

26
Q

Omalizumab (mechanism)

A

Monoclonal IgE Ab

27
Q

Omalizumab (use)

A

Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting B2 agonists

28
Q

Bosentan and other “-sentan” (mechanism)

A

Competitively inhibits endothelin-1 receptors -> decreased pulm vascular resistance

29
Q

Bosentan and other “-sentan” (use)

A

Pulm arterial HTN

30
Q

Cromolyn (mechanism and use)

A 
Mast cell stabilizer
Asthma controller (prophylaxis only, not for acute attacks)
31
Q

Nedocromil (mechanism and use)

A 
Mast cell stabilizer
Asthma controller (prophylaxis only, not for acute attacks)
32
Q

Flunisolide (mechanism and use)

A

Inhaled glucocorticoids

For asthma

33
Q

Flunisolide (side effects)

A 
Oral candidiasis (so encourage good oral care)
Dysphonia (myopathy of laryngeal muscles)
Systemic side effects at higher dose: same as other glucocorticoids

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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