sbe vs ga transcription Flashcards
far, start
sbe - ɑ:
ga - ɑr
lot, odd
sbe - ɒ
ga - ɑː
thought, law
sbe - ɔː
ga - ɒː / ɔː
city, better
sbe - t
ga - ɾ
ask, command
sbe - ɑː
ga - æ
In the following words, identify 4 differences you would expect to find between
SBE and GA: X, Y, Z.
Cette question requiert une méthode claire et précise. Le jury conseille au candidat de présenter sa réponse en mettant sur une même ligne (sous forme de tableau éventuellement) le mot orthographique (en montrant quel est le
segment différent), puis les deux prononciations (en montrant lequel est SBE).
eg
word sbe ga
slighTest /t/ /ɾ/
slightIst /I/ (?) /ə/
Garage /10/ ; /01/ (stress pattern, diphthongs)
Rhoticity and rhotacization - /r/
postalveolar [ɹ] in SBE, retroflex [ɻ] in GA.
York /ˈjɔːrk/, door /ˈdɔːr/, far /ˈfɑːr/
SBE is non-rhotic (no r in syllable coda), while GA is rhotic
SBE is non-rhotic (no r in syllable coda), while GA is rhotic: e.g. purpose
SBE /ɜː/ is GA /ɝː/
SBE /ə/ with <r> is GA /ɚ/ in EPD
e.g. murderer</r>
Murderer /ˈmɝːdɚɚ/ in EPD, /ˈmɝːdərər/ in LPD
SBE centring diphthongs /ɪə, eə, ʊə/ are GA /ɪr er ʊr/ or /ɪɚ eɚ ʊɚ/
e.g.
-near
-wear
-nearer
-merry, marry, Mary
Near: /ˈnɪr/ or /ˈnɪɚ/
Wear: /ˈwer/ or /ˈweɚ/
Nearer: Also when followed by a /r/ in SBE: nearer /ˈnɪrər/ or /ˈnɪrɚ/
Neutralisation of Mary - merry - marry: /ˈmeri/
SBE triphthongs /aɪə, aʊə/ are GA /aɪr, aʊr/ or /aɪɚ, aʊɚ/:
Fire /ˈfaɪr/ or /ˈfaɪɚ/
/t/ voicing (flapping)
/t/ is realized as a voiced alveolar flap
(instead of a voiceless alveolar plosive) in intervocalic position or between a nasal and a vowel, if the preceding syllable is stressed:
*City /ˈsɪt̬i/, water /ˈwɔːt̬ər/, romantic /roʊˈmænt̬ɪk/.
*Across words within the same IP: WhaT is that?
/j/ dropping (/juː/ → /uː/)
*GA + SBE after /tʃ, dʒ, r, l/: chew, juice, rude, flew, flu, Luton, Lucy, lurid, lute.
*GA + optionally in SBE after /θ, s, z/: enthusiasm, assume, suit.
*GA but not SBE after /t, d, n/: tune, duty, new.
Clear and dark l
/l/ is dark in all positions in GA.
(do not mark in phonemic transcriptions!)
Vowel /ɒ/
SBE /ɒ/ does not exist in GA.
1) Lot-cloth split (end of 17th century): /ɒ + f, θ, s, g, ŋ/ → /ɒː/ then /ɔː/, especially in monosyllabic words
* loft /ˈlɔːft/, cloth, loss, lost
*dog /ˈdɔːg/, frog
*long /ˈlɔːŋ/
2) Father-bother merger (18th century) /ɒ/ → /ɑː/
* Lot /ˈlɑːt/, odd /ˈɑːd/
* top /ˈtɑːp/.
3) Cot-caught merger, aka lot-thought merger (20th century, 40% of Americans, cf. Labov, 1996): /ɔː/ → /ɑː/.
*Loft /ˈlɑːft/, dog /ˈdɑːg/
*long /ˈlɑːŋ/.
This means that it is always possible to equate /ɒ/
SBE /ɒ/ → GA /ɑː/
SBE /ɔː/ → GA /ɑː/
SBE /əʊ/
GA /oʊ/:
Go /ˈgoʊ/, no /ˈnoʊ/, romantic /roʊˈmænt̬ɪk/
/æ/ + /s, f, θ, n+C, m+C/ has become /ɑː/ in SBE for many words (ask words), but
not in GA.
ask words
ask, after, castle, half, last, path, class, glass, last, bath, disaster, giraffe, master, pass, grass, bath, laugh, mask, task, nasty, cast, fast, command,
chance, dance, plant, can’t, demand, advance, France, example, grant
SBE /ʌr/ →
GA /ɝː/:
current /ˈkɝːənt/, curry /ˈkɝːi/, borough, thorough.
SBE /ɑː/
GA /ɝː/ for <er + C> in words like derby, clerk, & Berkeley.
Early stress in SBE vs late stress in GA
adult, baton, Bernard, brochure, buffet, café, chalet, chauffeur, cliché, debris, debut, detail, fiancé(e), garage, massage, parquet, pâté, précis,
vermouth.
Early stress in GA vs late stress in SBE
princess, address, cigarette, magazine.
Disyllabic verbs in -ate are stressed /01/ in SBE, but /10/ with full vowel in GA:
locate /ləʊˈkeɪt → ˈloʊkeɪt/, donate, migrate, placate, pulsate, rotate…
Strong suffixes: -ony, -ory, -ary, -ery
Words ending in -ony, -ory, -ary, -ery stressed as 1000 have a reduced vowel on the suffix in SBE, but a full vowel in GA:
*matrimony /ˈmætrɪmoʊni/, patrimony, testimony, *category /ˈkætəgɔːri/, lavatory, monastery,
*necessary /ˈnesəseri/, secretary.
Words in -arily were originally stressed 10000 SBE, but are now mostly regularized to
20100 in both SBE and GA
e.g. necessarily, momentarily, temporarily, ordinarily
Strong forms of because, of, from, was, what
SBE /ɒ/ vs GA /ʌ/.
elision of /aɪ/
docile
sbe - /ˈdəʊsaɪl/
ga - /ˈdɑːsl/
missile
sbe - /-saɪl,/
ga - /-sl/
hostile
sbe - /-taɪl/
ga - /-tl/
changes of /aɪ/ to /ə/
globalization, civilization
changes of /aɪ/ to /ə/
globalization, civilization
changes of /aɪ/ to /ɪ/
antibody, antibiotic
gbe - /-ɪ/
ga- /-ɪ or -aɪ/.
changes of /-ɪ/ to /-aɪ/
privacy, dynasty, vitamin, simultaneous
NB stress:
advertisement:
sbe: /ədˈvɜːtɪs-/
ga: /ˌædvərˈtaɪz-/
inquiry
sbe: /ɪŋˈkwaɪəri
ga: ˈɪŋkwəri/.
changes of [iː] to [e]
leisure, depot (bus station), medieval, zebra, cretin
sbe: /-e-/
ga: -iː-/,
changes of [e] to [iː]
lever, aesthetic, epoch, evolution, predecessor
sbe: /-iː-/
ga: /-e-/
Anthony
sbe: -t-
ga: -θ-
ate
sbe: ˈet or ˈeɪt
ga: ˈeɪt
baroque
sbe: -ɒk
ga: -oʊk
beta
sbe: -iː-
ga: -eɪ-
erase
sbe: -z
ga: -s
figure
sbe: -gə,
ga: -gjər
herb
sbe: hɜːb
ga: ɝːb
interesting
sbe: -rə-
ga: -re-
lieutenant
sbe: lef-
ga: luː-
(n)either
sbe: ˈaɪ-
ga: ˈiː-
nonsense
sbe: -əns
ga: -ens
omega
sbe: ˈəʊmɪ-
ga: oʊˈmeɪ-
process - progress
sbe: -əʊ-
ga: -ɑː-
record (n)
sbe: kɔːd
ga: -kərd/
schedule
sbe: ʃ
ga: sk
tomato
sbe: -ɑː-
ga: -eɪ-
vase
sbe: ˈvɑːz
ga: ˈveɪs
wrath
sbe: ɒ
ga: æ
z
sbe: ˈzed
ga: ˈziː
