prefixes and suffixes Flashcards by j h

Q

-able
fashionable, comfortable

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

*exceptions for -able:
‘preferable,‘admirable.

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Q

-en

frighten, brighten, wooden

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-er/or/ar

singer, sailor, liar

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ern
western

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ess

goddess

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ful

wonderful

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-hood

childhood, neighborhood, manhood

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ism,-ist
racism, racist

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

-ist, -ism, -y tend to impose
/100/ in learned compounds (cf.
mixed suffix -ous): ventriloquist,
photography, metabolism, …

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Q

-ish (excl. verbs)

Yellowish, childish

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ise/ize

realise, anglicise, recognise

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-less

fearless

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-like

businesslike

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ly

happily, sadly

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-man
policeman

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ment
punishment, excitement

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ness
happiness, sadness

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-some
lonesome, quarrelsome

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ward(s)
afterwards

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-age
anchorage, coinage

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-ful
wonderful, powerful

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-y
lucky

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

-dom
freedom

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

ty
seventy, eighty, ninety

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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Q

Inflectional suffixes
* -s/es
* -ed
* -ing

A

weak suffix (does not interfere with stress)

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-ic(s) phonetics

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: Arabic, catholic, lunatic, politics, …

-ity/ety, -ify/efy variety, stupefy

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ible/-igible comprehensible

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ish (verbs only) establish

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: impoverish

-sive impressive

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: relative

-ulous fabulous

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-acal/inal maniacal, criminal

strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ion information

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: television (Greek compound)

ial/-eal artificial

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: ideal

-ian/-ean Martian

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: European, Caribbean

-iar peculiar

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ium aluminium

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ient convenient, proficient

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-eous/-uous courageous

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable)

-ual individual

-ion family: i/e/u + V + (C) strong ending (imposes stress on the previous syllable) But: spiritual

-oo(C) shampoo, balloon

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself) But: ˈcuckoo, ˈLiverpool

-ee, -eer agree, refugee, engineer

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself) But: ˈcoffee, ˈtoffee, coˈmmittee

-ese Chinese, Japanese

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-ade persuade, parade

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself) But: ˈdecade, ˈmarmalade

-ette cigarette, brunette

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself) But: ˈetiquette, ˈomelette

-aire millionaire, questionnaire

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-self/selves yourself, yourselves

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-ique/oque unique, antique, baroque

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-esque picturesque

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-eur/euse entrepreneur, danseur

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-ever however

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-teen seventeen, eighteen

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-oidal ellipsoidal, spheroidal

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself)

-itis/-osis/-oma arthritis, tuberculosis, hepatoma

stressed ending (imposes stress on itself) But: metaˈmorphosis

-al

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-ent/-ence

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-ant/-ance

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-ine

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-ive

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-oid

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.

-oid

Mixed suffix: If preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-10/: triˈumphal, segˈmental, paˈrental, adoˈlescent, insˈtinctive, treˈmendous. If not preceded by a cluster: -- they impose /-100/ in opaque derivation: ˈgenerous, ˈmaintenance, aˈnalogous. They are weak in transparent derivation: ˈmountain-ous, ˈodour-ous, ˈpoison-ous, proˈfession-al, eduˈcation-al, eˈlectric-al, ˈmetric-al. NB: -ous and -y impose /100/ for learned compounds: e.g. phoˈtography, diˈchotomous, floˈriferous, aˈnalogous.