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History Anglosaxons > Saxon Towns And Villages > Flashcards

Saxon Towns And Villages Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the country divided into

A

Earldoms controlled by an earl

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2
Q

What was each earldom divided into

A

Shires controlled by shire reeves

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3
Q

What was each shire divided into

A

Hundreds (equal to 100 hides in some areas)

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4
Q

What was each hundred divided into

A

Tithings (ten households)

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5
Q

Who was the shire reeve

A

The kings representative in local government

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6
Q

What was the role of the shire reeve

A

The king issued writs (orders) to the shire reeve.
The reeve had to collect the geld tax (land tax)
Judge at the shire court
Provide men for the fyrd

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7
Q

What was a Hide

A

A hide of land was a measurement of land equal to around 120 acres

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8
Q

What obligations did each hide carry

A

Having five hides of land meant you could become a thegn and you must provide one man for the fyrd

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9
Q

What was collective security

A

If one member of a tithing broke the law the rest were responsible for bringing him to court or would be punished themselves

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10
Q

What was hue and cry

A

When people In the community would call on all the others to help them track down a criminal

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11
Q

What was the fyrd

A

An army made up of one man from every five hides

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12
Q

What was the select fyrd made up of

A

Well equipped thegns and their followers

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13
Q

How long was service in the fyrd for

A

A fixed 40 day period because they couldn’t leave their farm for too long

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14
Q

What would happen if someone refused to join the fyrd

A

There would be a consequence for the whole tithing

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15
Q

What were blood fueds

A

Grudges between families which often lasted generations

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16
Q

What happens if someone from your family was killed

A

You had the right to kill someone from the murderers family

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17
Q

What is the wergild system

A

Instead of taking revenge the victims family received compensation from the murderers family

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18
Q

How much was each person worth when killed

A

Ceorl- worth 20 shillings
Thegn - 1200 shillings
Earl or archbishop - 3600 shillings

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19
Q

Why was Anglo Saxon England one of europes wealthiest countries

A

Had strong trading links across the seas
England’s towns were trading though almost everyone worked in farming
There was a good climate for farming especially in the south and east for críos and livestock in the west

20
Q

Who did England have strong trade links with

A

Across the North Sea to Scandinavia and across the channel to Normandy and flanders

21
Q

What boosted the earning of the king and the income of his nobles and the church

A

The efficient tax system when they kept some of their income for themselves

22
Q

Why trade be taxed

A

Central control of money supply and trading centres (burghs) meant that money was reliable and kept its value

23
Q

What was the population in 1060

A

2 million

24
Q

How many people were nobles (thegns)

A

4000-6000

25
Q

What percentage of the population was made up of peasant farmers

A

90% and they depended on thegns for land and work

26
Q

Why was anglo Saxon society flexible

A

Peasant farmers could become thegns if they did well as acquired more than 5 hides of land

27
Q

What did a thegns land holdings mean

A

They could afford weapons armour and horse so were expected to always be ready to serve their lord in battle

28
Q

What would happen to slaves that did badly

A

They may have to sell themselves into slavery

29
Q

How could slaves be freed

A

By their masters and turned into peasants

30
Q

What were burghs

A

The fortified town of the main shire

31
Q

What happened within the burghs

A

People from the countryside would take refuge in the burgh when vikings would invade
All important trading happened there (according to kings law) so that it could be taxed

32
Q

What percentage of people actually lived in burghs during 1060

A

10%

33
Q

What made burghs difficult to attack

A

Strong walls and ramparts

34
Q

By 1060 what were the 2 biggest cities

A

York and London with populations of more than 10000 people

35
Q

Why did towns grow larger

A

Good trading links

36
Q

Who did York have strong trading links with

A

Denmark

37
Q

Who did London have trading links with

A

Normandy France Germany flanders

38
Q

What were houses made from

A

Wood and straw and lived in by numerous relatives

39
Q

What did the thegns that lived in the countryside live in

A

Manor houses that were larger and better built and often had their own church and priest and would often provide services for the whole village

40
Q

3 reasons why England had strong economy

A

Climate for farming
Strong trading links
Efficient tax system that was stable

41
Q

What was each area of land the church owned ran by

A

Bishops

42
Q

Who were bishops

A

Rich and important often serving on the witan as the kings advisors

43
Q

Who did bishops oppose

A

Local priests employed by thegns and their Manor House and they eventually became under the control of bishops

44
Q

Who were local priests

A

Ordinary members of community and not very educated
Many couldn’t read Latin
Had small land holdings like peasant farmers
Some married going against the reforms of priests required to be celibate

45
Q

What were the monasteries and nunneries

A

Religious institutions that were populated by monks and nuns who devoted their lives to God
Monasteries also provided an important role in scribing religious texts
Monks also did work in local communities and weren’t isolated from the local villages

46
Q

Why was religion very important in Anglo Saxon times

A

People wee worried about what would happen to them after they died
Believed they were punished in afterlife for sins and sought to reduce this period of punishment by being pious in their lives

47
Q

What acts of Edward the confessor show that religion was very important to him

A

Rebuilt Westminster cathedral and sought to reflect Gods will in the way that he ruled

History Anglosaxons (20 decks)

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