SAT-3000-5 Flashcards
genteel
ADJ. well-bred; elegant. We are looking for a man with a genteel appearance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner.
gentility
N. those of gentle birth; refinement. Her family was proud of its gentility and elegance.
gentry
N. people of standing; class of people just below nobility. The local gentry did not welcome the visits of the summer tourists and tried to ignore their presence in the community.
germane
ADJ. pertinent; bearing upon the case at hand. The judge refused to allow the testimony to be heard by the jury because it was not germane to the case.
germinal
ADJ. pertaining to a germ; creative. Such an idea is germinal I am certain that it will influence thinkers and philosophers for many generations.
germinate
V. cause to sprout; sprout. After the seeds ger¬minate and develop their permanent leaves the plants may be removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden.
gesticulation
N. motion; gesture. Operatic performers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulations because of the large auditoriums in which they appear.
ghastly
ADJ. horrible. The murdered man was a ghastly sight.
gibberish
N. nonsense; babbling. Did you hear that fool boy spouting gibberish about monsters from outer space gibberV.
gibe
V. mock. As you gibe at their superstitious beliefs do you realize that you too are guilty of similarly foolish thoughts
giddy
ADJ. light-hearted; dizzy. He felt his giddy youth was past.
gingerly
ADV. very carefully. To separate egg whites first crack the egg gingerly.
girth
N. distance around something; circumference. It took an extra-large cummerbund to fit around Andrew Carnegie’s considerable girth.
gist
N. essence. She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.
glacial
ADJ. like a glacier; extremely cold. Never a warm person when offended John could seem positively glacial.
glaring
ADJ. highly conspicuous; harshly bright. Glaring spelling or grammatical errors in your resume will unfavor¬ably impress potential employers.
glaze
V. cover with a thin and shiny surface. The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous. also N.
glib
ADJ. fluent; facile; slick. Keeping up a steady patter to entertain his customers the kitchen gadget salesman was a glib speaker never at a loss for a word.
glimmer
V. shine erratically; twinkle. In the darkness of the cavern the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glim¬mered like distant stars
gloat
V. express evil satisfaction; view malevolently. As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth do you think of the many victims you have defrauded
glossary
N. brief explanation of words used in the text. I have found the glossary in this book very useful; it has elim¬inated many trips to the dictionary.
gloss over
V. explain away. No matter how hard he tried to talk around the issue President Bush could not gloss over the fact that he had raised taxes after all.
glossy
ADJ. smooth and shining. I want this photograph printed on glossy paper not matte.
glower
V. scowl. The angry boy glowered at his father.
glut
V. overstock; fill to excess. The many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasers for the excess articles they had produced. also N.
glutton
N. someone who eats too much. When Mother saw that Bobby had eaten all the cookies she called him a little glutton. gluttonousADJ.
gnarled
ADJ. twisted. The gnarled oak tree had been a landmark for years and was mentioned in several deeds.
gnome
N. dwarf; underground spirit. In medieval mythol¬ogy gnomes were the special guardians and inhabitants of subterranean mines.
goad
V. urge on. He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes. also N.
gorge
N. small steep-walled canyon. The white-water raft¬ing guide warned us about the rapids farther downstream where the river cut through a narrow gorge.
gorge
V. stuff oneself. The gluttonous guest gorged him¬self with food as though he had not eaten for days.
gory
ADJ. bloody. The audience shuddered as they lis¬tened to the details of the gory massacre.
gouge
V. tear out. In that fight all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit kicked and tried to gouge each other’s eyes out.
gourmand
N. epicure; person who takes excessive plea¬sure in food and drink. Gourmands lack self-restraint; if they enjoy a particular cuisine they eat far too much of it.
gourmet
N. connoisseur of food and drink. The gourmet stated that this was the best onion soup she had ever tasted.
graduated
ADJ. arranged by degrees (of height difficulty etc.). Margaret loved her graduated set of Russian hollow wooden dolls; she spent hours happily putting the smaller dolls into their larger counterparts.
graft
N. piece of transplanted tissue; portion of plant inserted in another plant. After the fire Greg required skin grafts to replace the badly damaged areas on his forearms. alsoV.
grandeur
N. impressiveness; stateliness; majesty. No mat¬ter how often he hiked through the mountains David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the Sierra Nevada range.
grandiloquent
ADJ. pompous; bombastic; using high¬sounding language. The politician could never speak sim¬ply; she was always grandiloquent.
grandiose
ADJ. pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exag¬gerated; impressive. The aged matinee idol still had grandiose notions of his supposed importance in the the¬atrical world.
granulate
V. form into grains. Sugar that has been granu¬lated dissolves more readily than lump sugar. granule N.
graphic
ADJ. pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described. I was particularly impressed by the graphic pre¬sentation of the storm.
grapple
V. wrestle; come to grips with. He grappled with the burglar and overpowered him.
grate
V. make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred. The screams of the quarreling children grated on her nerves.
gratify
V. please. Lori’s parents were gratified by her suc¬cessful performance on the SAT.
gratis
ADJ. free. The company offered to give one package gratis to every purchaser of one of their products. alsoADJ.
gratuitous
ADJ. given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for. Quit making gratuitous comments about my driving; no one asked you for your opinion.
gravity
N. seriousness. We could tell we were in serious trouble from the gravity of the principal’s expression. (sec¬ondary meaning) graveADJ.
gregarious
ADJ. sociable. Typically partygoers are gregar¬ious; hermits are not.
grievance
N. cause of complaint. When her supervisor ignored her complaint she took her grievance to the union.
grill
V. question severely. In violation of the Miranda law the police grilled the suspect for several hours before read¬ing him his rights. (secondary meaning)
grimace
N. a facial distortion to show feeling such as pain disgust etc. Even though he remained silent his grimace indicated his displeasure. alsoV.
grisly
ADJ. ghastly. She shuddered at the grisly sight.
grouse
V. complain; fuss. Students traditionally grouse about the abysmal quality of “mystery meat” and similar dormitory food.
grotesque
ADJ. fantastic; comically hideous. On Halloween people enjoy wearing grotesque costumes.
grove
N. group of trees (smaller than a forest); orchard. To the child the small grove of oaks was as vast as Sherwood Forest in which he played that legendary hero Robin Hood.
grovel
V. crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate. Even though we have been defeated we do not have to grovel before our conquerors.
grudging
ADJ. unwilling; reluctant; stingy. We received only grudging support from the mayor despite his earlier promises of aid.
gruel
V. liquid food made by boiling oatmeal etc. in milk or water. Our daily allotment of gruel made the meal not only monotonous but also unpalatable.
grueling
ADJ. exhausting. The marathon is a grueling race.
gruesome
ADJ. grisly; horrible. His face was the stuff of nightmares: all the children in the audience screamed when Freddy Kruger’s gruesome countenance was flashed on the screen.
gruff
ADJ. rough-mannered. Although he was blunt and gruff with most people he was always gentle with children.
guffaw
N. boisterous laughter. The loud guffaws that came from the closed room indicated that the members of the committee had not yet settled down to serious business. alsoV.
guile
N. deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning. lago uses considerable guile to trick Othello into believing that Desde¬mona has been unfaithful.
guileless
ADJ. without deceit. He is naive simple and guileless; he cannot be guilty of fraud.
guise
N. appearance; costume. In the guise of a plumber the detective investigated the murder case.
gullible
ADJ. easily deceived. Overly gullible people have only themselves to blame if they fall for con artists repeat¬edly. As the saying goes “Fool me once shame on you. Fool me twice shame on me.”
gustatory
ADJ. affecting the sense of taste. The Thai restaurant offered an unusual gustatory experience for those used to a bland cuisine.
gusto
N. enjoyment; enthusiasm. He accepted the assign¬ment with such gusto that I feel he would have been satis¬fied with a smaller salary.
gusty
ADJ. windy. The gusty weather made sailing precari¬ous.
hackneyed
ADJ. commonplace; trite. When the reviewer criticized the movie for its hackneyed plot we agreed; we had seen similar stories hundreds of times before.
haggard
ADJ. wasted away; gaunt. After his long illness he was pale and haggard.
haggle
V. argue about prices. I prefer to shop in a store that has a one-price policy because whenever I haggle with a shopkeeper I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased.
hallowed
ADJ. blessed; consecrated. Although the dead girl’s parents had never been active churchgoers they insisted that their daughter be buried in hallowed ground.
hallucination
N. delusion. I think you were frightened by a hallucination you created in your own mind.
halting
ADJ. hesitant; faltering. Novice extemporaneous speakers often talk in a halting fashion as they grope for the right words.
hamper
V. obstruct. The new mother didn’t realize how much the effort of caring for an infant would hamper her ability to keep an immaculate house.
haphazard
ADJ. random; by chance. His haphazard read¬ing left him unacquainted with the authors of the books.
harangue
N. noisy speech. In her lengthy harangue the principal berated the offenders. alsoV.
harass
V. to annoy by repeated attacks. When he could not pay his bills as quickly as he had promised he was harassed by his creditors.
harbinger
N. forerunner. The crocus is an early harbinger of spring.
harbor
V. provide a refuge for; hide. The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees.
hardy
ADJ. sturdy; robust; able to stand inclement weather. We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardy plants that could withstand our harsh New England winters.
harrowing
ADJ. agonizing; distressing; traumatic. At first the former prisoner did not wish to discuss his harrowing months of captivity as a political hostage.
haughtiness
N. pride; arrogance. When she realized that Darcy believed himself too good to dance with his inferiors Elizabeth took great offense at his haughtiness.
hazardous
ADJ. dangerous. Your occupation is too haz¬ardous for insurance companies to consider your application.
hazy
ADJ. slightly obscure. In hazy weather you cannot see the top of this mountain.
headlong
ADJ. hasty; rash. The slave seized the unex¬pected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.
headstrong
ADJ. stubborn; willful; unyielding. Because she refused to marry the man her parents had chosen for her everyone scolded Minna and called her a foolish head¬strong girl.
heckler
N. person who harasses others. The heckler kept interrupting the speaker with rude remarks. heckleV.
hedonist
N. one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life. A thoroughgoing hedonist he considered only his own pleasure and ignored any claims others had on his money or time.
heed
V. pay attention to; consider. We hope you heed our advice and get a good night’s sleep before the test. also N.
heedless
ADJ. not noticing; disregarding. He drove on heedless of the danger warnings placed at the side of the road.
heinous
ADJ. atrocious; hatefully bad. Hitler’s heinous crimes will never be forgotten.
herbivorous
ADJ. grain-eating. Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food.
heresy
N. opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion con¬trary to accepted religion. Galileo’s assertion that the earth moved around the sun directly contradicted the religious teachings of his day; as a result he was tried for heresy. heretic N.
hermetic
ADJ. sealed by fusion so as to be airtight. After you sterilize the bandages place them in a container and seal it with a hermetic seal to protect them from contamina¬tion by airborne bacteria.
hermitage
N. home of a hermit. Even in his remote her¬mitage he could not escape completely from the world.
heterodox
ADJ. unorthodox; unconventional. To those who upheld the belief that the earth did not move Galileo’s the¬ory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly heterodox.
heterogeneous
ADJ. dissimilar; mixed. This year’s entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body: it includes stu¬dents from forty different states and twenty-six foreign countries some the children of billionaires others the off¬spring of welfare families. heterogenity N.
heyday
N. time of greatest success; prime. In their hey¬day the San Francisco Forty-Niners won the Super Bowl two years running.
hiatus
N. gap; interruption in duration or continuity; pause. During the summer hiatus many students try to earn enough money to pay their tuition for the next school year.
hibernal
ADJ. wintry. Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.
hibernate
V. sleep throughout the winter. Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate. hibernation N.
hierarchy
N. arrangement by rank or standing; authoritar¬ian body divided into ranks. To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.
hilarity
N. boisterous mirth. This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning.
hindrance
N. block; obstacle. Stalled cars along the high¬way are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay. hinderV.
histrionic
ADJ. theatrical. He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet histrionics N.
hoard
V. stockpile; accumulate for future use. Whenever there are rumors of a food shortage many people are tempted to hoard food. also N.
hoary
ADJ. white with age. The man was hoary and wrin¬kled when he was 70.
hoax
N. trick; practical joke. Embarrassed by the hoax he reddened and left the room. alsoV.
hodgepodge
N. jumble; mixture of ill-suited elements. The reviewer roundly condemned the play as a hodgepodge of random and purposeless encounters carried out by a cast lacking any uniformity of accent or style.
holster
N. pistol case. Even when he was not in uniform he carried a holster and pistol under his arm.
homage
N. honor; tribute. In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man.
homogeneous
ADJ. of the same kind. Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous Sara and James decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural diversity. homogenizeV.
hone
V. sharpen. To make shaving easier he honed his razor with great care.
hoodwink
V. deceive; delude. Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman he was extremely cau¬tious when he went to purchase a used car.
horde
N. crowd. Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers.
horticultural
ADJ. pertaining to cultivation of gardens. When he bought his house he began to look for flowers and decorative shrubs and began to read books dealing with horticultural matters.
host
N. great number; person entertaining guests; animal or plant from which a parasite gets its nourishment. You must attend to a host of details if you wish to succeed as host of a formal dinner party. Leeches are parasites that cling to their hosts and drink their hosts’ blood.
hostility
N. unfriendliness; hatred. A child who has been the sole object of his parents’ affection often feels hostility toward a new baby in the family resenting the newcomer who has taken his place.
hovel
N. shack; small wretched house. He wondered how poor people could stand living in such a hovel.
hover
V. hang about; wait nearby. The police helicopter hovered above the accident.
hue
N. color; aspect. The aviary contained birds of every possible hue.
hulking
ADJ. massive; bulky; great in size. Despite his hulking build the heavyweight boxing champion was sur¬prisingly light on his feet. hulk N.
humane
ADJ. marked by kindness or consideration. It is ironic that the Humane Society sometimes must show its compassion toward mistreated animals by killing them to put them out of their misery.
humdrum
ADJ. dull; monotonous. After his years of adven¬ture he could not settle down to a humdrum existence.
humid
ADJ. damp. She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area.
humility
N. humbleness of spirit. He spoke with a humility and lack of pride that impressed his listeners.
hurtle
V. crash; rush. The runaway train hurtled toward dis¬aster.
husband
V. use sparingly; conserve; save. Marathon run¬ners must husband their energy so that they can keep going for the entire distance.
hybrid
N. mongrel; mixed breed. Mendel’s formula explains the appearance of hybrids and pure species in breeding. alsoADJ.
hydrophobia
N. rabies; fear of water. A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydropho¬bia.
hyperbole
N. exaggeration; overstatement. As far as I’m concerned Apple’s claims about the new computer are pure hyperbole: no machine is that good!
hypercritical
ADJ. excessively exacting. You are hypercriti¬cal in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes.
hypochondriac
N. person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness. The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for his patient who was a hypochondriac.
hypocritical
ADJ. pretending to be virtuous; deceiving. Believing Eddie to be interested only in his own advance¬ment Greg resented his hypocritical posing as a friend. hypocrisy N.
hypothetical
ADJ. based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed. Suppose you are accepted by Harvard Stan¬ford and Brown. Which one would you choose to attend Remember this is only a hypothetical situation. hypothe¬SiS N.
ichthyology
N. study of fish. Jacques Cousteau’s pro¬grams about sea life have advanced the cause of ichthyol¬ogy
icon
N. religious image; idol. The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.