Sapunuri si detergenti Flashcards

1
Q

ce sapunuri sunt solubile in apa? ce consistenta au?

A

Na (solid), K (moale)

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2
Q

cu ce metale se pot face sapunuri?

A

Na, K, Mg, Ca (Ca si Mg nu spala deoarece sunt insolubile in apa)

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3
Q

caracteristici ai detergentilor neionici (4)

A
  1. biodegradabili (si cei cu catena liniara si cei anionici)
  2. nu fac spuma
  3. capacitate mare de spalare la temp mica
  4. pot forma punti de H cu H2O prin gruparea OH marginala
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4
Q

tipuri de detergenti

A

anionici
cationici
neionici

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5
Q

tipuri de detergenti anionici

A

saruri ale acizilor alchil sulfonici
saruri ale acizilor alchil-aril sulfonici
sulfati acizi metalici

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6
Q

detergent cationic

A

sare cuaternara de amoniu

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7
Q

detergent neionic

A

polietoxilul alcolilor grasi

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8
Q

spalare in apa dura si solutie

A

ionii de Ca si Mg precipitau sapunurie => se adauga soda de rufe (Na2CO3) si mai apoi sapunul

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9
Q

proces de saponificare

A

grasimi + NaOH se fierbe dupa se adauga NaCl

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