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Chimie > Grasimile > Flashcards

Grasimile Flashcards

1
Q

ce sunt grasimile?

A

trigliceride + ceruri + vitamine + coloranti + AG liberi

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2
Q

care sunt AG gasiti in unt?

A

acid butiric (4)

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3
Q

care sunt AG gasiti in lapte de capra?

A

acid capronic (6), caprilic (8), caprinic (10)

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4
Q

care sunt AG gasiti in laptele de cocos?

A

acid lauric (12)

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5
Q

care sunt AG gasiti in nucsoara?

A

acid miristic (14)

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6
Q

care sunt AG saturati gasiti in grasimile animale?

A

acid palmitic (16) si stearic (18)

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7
Q

numele acidului oleic cu 2 legaturi π?

A

acid linoleic

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8
Q

numele acidului oleic cu 3 legaturi π?

A

acid linolenic

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9
Q

care este procesul de rancezire al grasimilor?

A

hidroliza partiala, AG rezultati se oxideaza degradativ la t°C, cu rupere de catena => cetone de 8-10 carboni cu gust si miros neplacut

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10
Q

exemple de uleiuri sicative

A

in si tung

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11
Q

exemple de uleiuri semisicative

A

rapita

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12
Q

exemple de uleiuri nesicative

A

maslina

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13
Q

ce se adauga la obtinerea margarinei?

A

caroteu (culoare), butadiona (gust de unt), vitamina A si D (cresterea valorii nutritive), lecitina (asigurarea coeziunii)

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14
Q

proprietati fizice grasimi

A

solide, lichide, semisolide
puncte de topire nedefinite
densitatea mai mica decat cea a apei

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15
Q

ce procese stau la baza sicativitatii

A

autooxidare si policondensare a grasimilor nesaturate

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16
Q

proprietati pelicula formata in urma sicativitatii

A

dura, transparenta, aderanta si rezistenta la agenti chimici si intemperii

17
Q

ce este gradul de nesaturare

A

nr grame de iod / 100g grasime

18
Q

ce este gradul de aciditate / saponificare

A

nr mg KOH / 1g grasime

19
Q

unde se gaseste acidul oleic

A

grasimi din untul de cacao si unele uleiuri

20
Q

unde se gaseste acidul linoleic si linolenic

A

ulei de soia, de porumb

21
Q

solubilitate grasimi

A

se dizolva in hidrocarburi si alcool, nu in apa

Chimie (17 decks)

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