Compusi carboxilici

Question 1

cum arata acidul valerianic?

Answer 1

acidul pentanoic

Question 2

cum arata acidul acrilic?

Answer 2

CH2=CH-COOH

Question 3

cum arata acidul vinilacetic?

Answer 3

CH2=CH-CH2-COOH

Question 4

cum arata acidul crotonic?

Answer 4

CH3-CH=CH-COOH

Question 5

cum arata acidul metacrilic?

Answer 5

CH2=C(CH3)-COOH

Question 6

cum arata acidul cinamic?

Answer 6

C6H5-CH=CH-COOH

Question 7

cum arata acidul malonic?

Answer 7

HOOC-CH2-COOH

Question 8

cum arata acidul succinic?

Answer 8

HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH

Question 9

cum arata acidul glutaric?

Answer 9

HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH

Question 10

cum arata acidul adipic?

Answer 10

HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH

Question 11

metoda de obtinere industriala HCOOH

Answer 11

NaOH + CO –> HCOONa (+ HCl, -NaCl) –> HCOOH

Question 12

metoda de obtinere industriala CH3-COOH

Answer 12

oxidare etanol cu mycoderma aceti

Question 13

rezultatul distilarii uscate a lemnului

Answer 13

acid pirolignos (contine acid acetic)

Question 14

metoda de obtinere industriala a HOOC-COOH

Answer 14

2HCOONa –> (COONa)2 (+ 2HCl, - 2NaCl) –> acid oxalic

Question 15

metoda de obtinere industriala a acidului acrilic

Answer 15

C2H2 + HCN (Cu2CL2, NH4Cl, 80°C)
sau
CH2=CH-CH3 + NH3 + 3/2 O2 (Pt, 1000°C)
–> CH2=CH-CN (+ 2H20) –> acid acrilic

Question 16

metalele pasive

Answer 16

Cu, Ag, Hg, Pt, Au

Question 17

cum se pot forma esterii ciclici din acizi?
cum se numesc acesti esteri ciclici?

Answer 17

prin deshidratarea acizilor gama si delta hidroxiacizi
lactone

Question 18

cum se comporta acizii carboxilici la incalzire?

Answer 18

cei monocarboxilici, la temperatura si in prezenta de hidroxizi alcalini se decarboxileaza

pierd un mol de CO2 cei dicarboxilici, cu usurinta cel malonic (2 grupari carboxil legate de acelasi C)

beta cetoacizii se decarboxileaza => cetone

Question 19

metoda de obtinere acizi din alchine

Answer 19

oxidare blanda cu reactiv Bayer la legatura marginala => cetoacizi (din acetilena se face oxalicul)

Question 20

conditii oxidare arene la nucleu cu formare de diacizi

Answer 20

benzen: V2O5 la 500 de grade
naftalina: V2O5 la 350 de grade

Question 21

conditii oxidare arene la catena laterala cu formare de acizi

Answer 21

KMnO4 / H2SO4 doar daca carbonul benzilic are macar un H!!!

Question 22

seria de aciditate mare

Answer 22

alchina marginala < alcool < apa < HCO3 < fenol < HCN < H2CO3 , H2S, H2SO3 < R-COOH < CH3-COOH < acid benzoic < HCOOH < R(COOH)2 < RSO3H < HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HI

Question 23

in reactia de esterificare acid alcool, de la ce compus pleaca oxigenul in formarea apei?

Answer 23

de la acid (izotopul O18)

Question 24

reactie amine / NH3 si acizi

Answer 24

acid + NH3 => sare (temp) => amida (P2O5) => nitril

Question 25

reactanti pentru obtinere de halogenuri acide din acizi si ce iese

Answer 25

PCl5 => POCl3 + HCl
SOCl2 => SO2 + HCl (clorura de tinoil)
COCl2 => CO2 + HCl (fosgen)

Question 26

metode de formare anhidride acide

Answer 26

deshidratarea la incalzire acizi 1,2 la nucelu sau 1,4; 1,5

reactie saruri de aiciz + cloruri acide

Question 27

acizi cu caracter reducator

Answer 27

formic, oxalic

Question 28

proprietati fizice acid acetic

Answer 28

lichid incolor, cu miros intepator la temperaturi de peste 16.5 grade

miscibil cu apa

Question 29

acidul acetic in apa cum ionizeaz?

Answer 29

mai putin de jumatate, ioni hidroniu < acid acetic

Question 30

solubilitate acizi carboxilici

Answer 30

cei inferiori sunt solubili in apa

Question 31

reactie de halogenare in pozitie alfa

Answer 31

halogen in prezenta de fosfor