Sand Dunes

Question 1

method of development

Answer 1

embryo
yellow
grey
dune slack
heaths and woodlands

Question 2

plant succession

Answer 2

first colonisation by pioneer plants which then die and release their nutrients into the sand, increasing the amount of vegetation which can grow in a dune.

Question 3

pioneer plants

Answer 3

an example is marram grass which is tough and flexible so can survive water loss and harsh conditions such as 60 degree temperatures. they have 3m deep roots which helps to hold the structure, allowing other plants to grow

Question 4

sand dunes

Answer 4

PW blows sand to the back of the beach, they have a big tidal quantity, plant succession and light frequent winds.

Question 5

embryo dunes

Answer 5

they’re on the upper beach where there’s lots of driftwood which helps sand to accumulate

Question 6

yellow dunes

Answer 6

more sand accumulates, the dune grows as the vegetation on the upper and back beach helps to stabilise the dune

Question 7

grey dunes

Answer 7

the sand merges with the soil and its nutrients as the plants die

Question 8

dune slack

Answer 8

the water table rises close to the surface, more water loving plants now grow

Question 9

heaths and woodlands

Answer 9

these now grow and form wind breakers which reduces erosion