sampling techniques

Question 1

sample

Answer 1

a small set of people taken from the target population

Question 2

target population

Answer 2

the set of people researchers want to find out about

Question 3

opportunity sampling (2+,1-)

Answer 3

anyone who is available at the time of research
+quick, cheap, easy to replicate
+only sampling method for some research methods
-sample bias (researcher may choose helpful looking people)

Question 4

self-selected sampling (3+,1-)

Answer 4

participants choose themselves to take part.
+quick, practical, easy to replicate
+ethical
+can reach wider variety of participants
-sample bias (bias towards type of person who volunteers)

Question 5

snowball sampling (3+, 1-)

Answer 5

participants are recruited through existing participants (friends)
+quick, practical, easy to carry out
+can reach wider variety of participants
+ethical (consent)
-sample bias (likely to be similar culture)

Question 6

random sampling (2+,2-)

Answer 6

every member of the population has a fair and equal chance of taking part.
\+most representative
\+unbiased sample
-time consuming
-participants could decline

Question 7

gender bias

Answer 7

sample is made of people from one gender, it is not representative of all genders

Question 8

androcentric

Answer 8

biased towards MEN

Question 9

estrocentric

Answer 9

biased to WOMEN

Question 10

cultural bias

Answer 10

sample is too focused on one culture, isn’t representative of all cultures.

Question 11

ethnocentric

Answer 11

biased towards one culture/ ethnicity

Question 12

population validity

Answer 12

can we generalise results from our sample to the target population

Question 13

representative

Answer 13

how well a sample reflects the target population