Sampling techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sampling techniques?

A

Sampling techniques refer to how participants are recruited

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2
Q

What is the population?

A

The population is a group of people who are the focus of the researcher’s interest, from which a smaller sample is drawn

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3
Q

What is the target population?

A

The target population is a subset of the general population

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4
Q

What is a sample?

A

A group of people who take part in research investigation. The sample is drawn from a target population and is presumed to be representative of that population

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5
Q

How many sampling techniques are there?

A

There are five sampling techniques:

  1. Random sampling
  2. Systematic sampling
  3. Stratified sampling
  4. Opportunity sampling
  5. Volunteer sampling/ Self selected samples
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6
Q

What is random sampling?

A

A random sample is a form of sampling in which all members of the target population have an equal chance pf being selected

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7
Q

What is a strength of the sampling technique - random sampling? (researcher bias)

A

A random sample is free from researcher bias. the researcher has no influence over who is selected and this prevent them from choosing people who they think may support their hypothesis

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8
Q

What is a limitation of the sampling technique - random sampling? (time + difficulty)

A

Random sampling is difficult and time consuming to conduct. A complete list of the target population of the target population may be extremely difficult to obtain. Furthermore you may end up with a sample that is still unrepresentative.

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9
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

A systematic sample is when every nth member of the target population is selected.

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10
Q

What is a sampling frame?

A

A sampling frame is a list of people in the target population organised into groups, for example alphabetical order

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11
Q

What is a strength of the sampling technique - systematic sample? (researcher bias)

A

This sampling methods avoids researcher bias. Once the system for selection has been established the researcher has no influence over who is chosen

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12
Q

What is a limitation of the sampling technique - systematic sample? (time)

A

Systematic sampling can be time consuming to conduct.

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13
Q

What is a stratified sample?

A

A stratified sample is a sample selected so that specified groups will appear in numbers proportional to their size in the target population, within each subgroup (strata) participants are selected on a random basis

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14
Q

What is a strength of the sampling technique - stratified sample? (representation)

A

Stratified samples produce a representative sample because they are designed to accurately reflect the composition of the population. This means that generalisation of findings become possible

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15
Q

What is a limitation of the sampling technique - stratified sample? (available knowledge)

A

Stratification requires detailed knowledge of a population which may not be available and takes a long time to acquire such information.

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16
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

Opportunity sampling is when a sample is obtained when researchers decided to select anyone who happens to be willing and available

16
Q

What is a strength of this sampling technique - opportunity sampling? (convenience, time and money)

A

Opportunity sampling is a convenient technique. This method save the researcher a good amount of time and effort. Additionally it is much less costly in terms of time and money compared to other sampling techniques, like random sampling

17
Q

What is a limitation of this sampling technique - opportunity sampling? (two forms of bias)

A

Opportunity sample suffer from two forms of bias. Firstly sample tend to be unrepresentative of the target population as it is drawn from a very specific area, so findings cannot be generalised. Secondly, there can be researcher bias as the researcher has complete control over the selection of participants.

18
Q

What is volunteer sampling?

A

Volunteer samples involve participants selecting themselves to be part of the sample, referred to self selection

19
Q

What is a strength of this sampling technique - volunteer sampling? (effort + time)

A

Volunteer samples are one of the easier forms of sampling. It requires minimal input from the researcher and so is less time consuming than other forms of sampling

20
Q

What is a limitation of this sampling technique - volunteer sampling? (volunteer bias)

A

Volunteer bias is created from volunteer sampling. Asking volunteers may attract a certain demographic/”profile”. As a results any findings may be harder to generalise to wider population.