Ethics Flashcards
When do ethical issues arise?
Ethical issues arise in psychology when a conflict or dilemma exists between participants’ rights and researchers’ needs to gain valuable and meaningful findings
Who are the people in control of psychologists and their ethics?
The British Psychological Society
What is informed consent?
Informed consent involves making participants aware of the aims of the research, procedures etc. in order to make informed decisions about taking part in the research
If someone is under 16, what needs to be gained prior to their participation?
If someone is under 16, parental consent needs to be gained
What is an important feature in protection from harm?
An important feature of protection from harm is participants being reminded of the fact that they the right to withdraw from the investigation at any point
What is protection from harm?
Protection from harm refers to the ppts being protected from physical and mental harm, ensuring they enter and leave research in the same physical and mental way
What is avoidance of deception?
Participants should not be deceived, unless medical or scientific justification
What are the three types of consent that can be acquired?
- Prior general consent
- Presumptive consent
- Retrospective consent
What is prior general consent?
Participants give their permission to take part in a number of different studies, including one that will involve deception
What is presumptive consent?
Rather than getting consent from the participants themselves, a similar group of people are asked if the study is acceptable. If this group agree, then consent of the original participants is ‘presumed’
What is retrospective consent?
Participant are asked for their consent having already taken part in the study. They may not have been aware of their participation or they may have been subject to deception
What is anonymity/confidentiality?
Data should not be disclosed, so names should be replaced with numbers
What is the difference between confidential data and anonymous data?
Confidential data is traceable to participants and anonymous data is untraceable to participants
When are debriefs especially important?
Debriefs are especially important when deception is used, to explain the true reasons for research
What is briefing/debriefing?
Briefing is revealing relevant information that should be explained before
Debriefing revealing relevant information after the study takes place
