sampling methods Flashcards
what is a sample
A sample is a group of people who take part in the research investigation, the sample is drawn from a target population and is presumed to be representitive of that data
What is the population?
The term population means the large group of individuals that a particular researcher is interested in studtying
What does representative mean?
The target population matched the sample in terms of key variables
what does bias mean?
Bias means a group is over or under representative to too many or not enough of a variable
What is a target population?
The entire group of a researcher is interested in
What does generalisation mean?
Groups research respond to stimuli in a similar way representing the population
What is random sampling?
Random sampling is where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected e.g names out of a hat
Evaluation of random sampling?
High effort level
time consuming
low bias due to equal chance
highly representative
What is opportunity sampling?
The sample consists of whoever happens to be available at the time
Evaluation of opportunity sampling
-low effort
-high bias
-not representative as you may not research participant variables fairly
What is systematic sampling?
Researcher picks participants according to a system
Evaluation of systematic sampling
-medium level of effort
-medium level of bias
-medium representation
What is volunteer sampling?
people who opt to be participants
evaluation of volunteer sampling?
-low effort level for researcher
-high bias due to demographics of those volunteering
What is stratified sampling?
The target population is broken down into demographics then participants are selected from each demographic
